社会企业何以促进城市养老服务可及性?——基于某养老社会企业的案例研究

How Do Social Enterprises Promote the Accessibility of Urban Elderly Care Services——A Case Study Based on a Social Enterprise

当前城市传统养老服务供给模式遭遇瓶颈,面临市场失灵、政府失灵和志愿失灵三重困境,社会呼唤新的力量和创新方式来解决城市普通经济状况老年人养老服务问题。善于运用创新手段并以解决社会问题为使命的社会企业,有助于破解这一瓶颈。本文通过串联社会企业与养老服务可及性核心概念,构建了社会企业促进城市养老服务可及性的“混合动机-变革机会-创新能力”理论分析框架,并借助对某养老社会企业案例的深描,揭示了社会企业促进城市养老服务可及性的作用机制:就动机而言,社会企业促进城市养老服务可及性是兼具创造社会价值和经济价值混合动机的产物;在机会方面,市场失灵、政府失灵和志愿失灵为社会企业带来养老服务供给的变革机会;在创新能力方面,社会企业通过机会识别、创新方式和保障机制创新提供养老服务,激活城市养老服务需求,促进城市养老服务可及性。本文打开了社会企业促进城市养老服务可及性的“黑箱”,拓展了社会企业的理论内涵,也为解决城市普通经济状况老年人养老服务问题提供了思路。

Currently,the traditional supply model of urban elderly care services has faced a bottleneck,encountering the triple predicament of market failure,government failure and voluntary failure.New power and innovative ways are needed to address the care services issue of elderly people in urban with the average economic status.Social Enterprises which are good at using innovative means and whose mission is to solve social problems,can help to break this bottleneck.By integrateing the core concepts of social enterprises and the accessibility of elderly care services,this study constructs a theoretical analysis framework of"mixed motivation-change opportunity-innovation capability"for social enterprises to promote the accessibility of urban elderly care services.This study discloses the mechanism by which social enterprises enhance the accessibility of urban elderly care services through a detailed description of a social enterprise case.Regarding motivation,the promotion of the accessibility of urban elderly care services by social enterprises is the outcome of the mixed motivation of creating social and economic values;Concerning opportunities,market failure,government failure and voluntary failure offer change opportunities of urban elderly care service supply for social enterprises;In terms of innovation capability,social enterprises provide elderly care services through opportunity identification,innovative methods and innovative guarantee mechanisms,activate the demand for urban elderly care services,and promote the accessibility of urban elderly care services.This study unlocks the"black box"of social enterprises in promoting urban elderly care services accessibility,expands the theoretical connotation of social enterprises,and also provides insights for resolving the care services problem of elderly people in urban with the average economic status.