农村人居环境何以实现异质性治理?——基于外部资源和内在动力的解释

How Can Heterogeneous Governance be Achieved in Rural Living Environments?——An Explanation Based on External Resources and Internal Dynamics

农村人居环境治理如何分类施策是建设宜居宜业和美乡村的实践堵点,更是影响美丽中国精准治污的理论难点。本研究结合中国农村转型的现实情景,依据新内生式发展理论,从“外部资源和内在动力”两个维度构建了简要的分析框架,并基于4个典型案例识别资源和动力何以影响农村人居环境的异质性治理。研究发现:(1)外部资源和内在动力所构成的差异性决定了农村人居环境治理的异质性,并可将其细分为共生式、被动式、自发式以及低迷式四种治理路径,该系列路径之间具有流动性和过渡性;(2)上下联动和内外共生是农村人居环境异质性治理的重要机制,即形成政府、市场主体、村集体、村民等多方共建共管格局,达成外部资源供给与农村区域特征相适配使之激活内生动力;(3)村集体是构建异质性治理路径的关键桥梁——联结上下主体和适配内外资源,最终根据其互动异质性的耦合结果加以分类施策。本文对于全国各地因地制宜地学习应用“千万工程”经验具有现实参考价值,也丰富了中国情景下乡村区域异质性治理的理论要义。

This study examines the practice bottlenecks in constructing livable and business-friendly rural environments,which also pose theoretical challenges to the precise pollution control for building a beautiful China.Based on the realistic scenario of rural transformation in China and utilizing the new endogenous development theory,a concise analytical framework is constructed from two dimensions,"external resources"and"internal dynamics".Four typical cases are used to identify how resources and dynamics influence the heterogeneous governance of rural living environments.It is found that:(1)The heterogeneity of rural living environment governance is determined by the differences in external resources and internal dynamics,categorizing governance paths into symbiotic,passive,spontaneous,and stagnant types.These paths exhibit fluidity and transitional characteristics.(2)Vertical and horizontal linkage and internal-external symbiosis are crucial mechanisms for heterogeneous governance of rural living environments.This involves forming a collaborative governance pattern among government,market entities,village collectives,and villagers,aligning external resource supply with rural regional characteristics to activate endogenous dynamics.(3)Village collectives serve as key bridges in constructing heterogeneous governance paths,linking upper and lower subjects and adapting internal and external resources.Governance strategies are classified based on the coupling results of their interactive heterogeneity.This study provides practical reference value nationwide by adapting the experience of the"Million Engineering Projects"according to local conditions.It also enriches the theoretical significance of heterogeneous governance in rural areas under the Chinese context.