公共卫生硕士实践效能与专业认同的关系研究:焦虑情绪的中介作用

Relationship between practice efficacy and professional identity in public health master's graduates:A study on the mediating role of anxiety

目的了解公共卫生硕士实践效能、专业认同与焦虑情绪的现状及关系。方法2022年6至7月开展全国医学应届毕业研究生教育满意度调查,选取其中来自49所院校的461名有实习实践经历的公共卫生硕士为研究对象。采用SPSS 21.0进行t检验或方差分析,比较实践效能、专业认同及焦虑情绪自评得分在个人特征上的差异,采用分层回归方法探究焦虑情绪在实践效能与专业认同的关系之间的中介作用。结果公共卫生硕士焦虑情绪为(3.47±1.23)分,实践效能为(3.92±0.88)分,专业认同为(4.33±0.77)分。差异性分析结果显示,焦虑情绪在性别、受突发公共卫生事件/重大疫情影响程度、实习主动性上的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实践效能在性别、院校类型、受突发公共卫生事件/重大疫情影响程度、实习主动性上的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),专业认同在性别、院校类型、专业调剂、受突发公共卫生事件/重大疫情影响程度、实习主动性、实习时长上的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。专业认同与实践效能呈正相关(r=0.652,P<0.01),与焦虑情绪呈负相关(r=-0.213、P<0.05)。分层回归结果显示,实践效能正向影响专业认同(β=0.782,P<0.001),焦虑情绪在二者之间起部分中介作用(β=-0.104,P<0.05)。结论焦虑情绪在实践效能与专业认同的关系之间起中介作用,可以通过减轻焦虑情绪,提升实践效能来促进公卫硕士专业认同。

Objective To investigate the current status of and relationship between practice efficacy,professional identity,and anxiety among public health master's graduates.Methods From a national survey on the satisfaction with education of fresh medical master's graduates conducted from June to July,2022,we selected 461 master's graduates of public health with internship experience from 49 institutions.With the use of SPSS 21.0,we compared the scores of practice efficacy,professional identity,and self-rated anxiety by personal characteristics through t-tests and analysis of variance;and explored the mediating role of anxiety in the relationship between practice efficacy and professional identity through stratified regression analysis.Results The public health master's graduates scored(3.47±1.23)points for anxiety,(3.92±0.88)points for practice efficacy,and(4.33±0.77)points for professional identity.The score of anxiety differed significantly by sex,the degree of being affected by public health emergencies/major outbreaks,and internship initiative(all P<0.05).The score of practice efficacy was significantly different by sex,the type of institution,the degree of being affected by public health emergencies/major outbreaks,and internship initiative(all P<0.05).The score of professional identity differed significantly by sex,the type of institution,major transfer,the degree of being affected by public health emergencies/major outbreaks,internship initiative,and internship duration(all P<0.05).Professional identity was positively correlated with practice efficacy(r=0.652,P<0.01)and negatively correlated with anxiety(r=-0.213,P<0.05).The stratified regression results showed that practice efficacy positively influenced professional identity(β=0.782,P<0.001),and anxiety partially mediated the relationship between the two(β=-0.104,P<0.05).Conclusions Anxiety plays a mediating role in the relationship between practice efficacy and professional identity,suggesting that reducing anxiety can help enhance practice efficacy to promote the professional identity of public health master's graduates.