开阳国家基本气象站新旧站址观测数据差异分析

Difference of Observation Data Between the New and Old Sites of KaiYang National Basic Meteorological Station

【目的】了解站址搬迁对开阳县气象资料连续性、代表性和准确性的影响,为气候资料的订正及应用提供科学依据。【方法】该文利用开阳国家基本气象站新旧站址2019年3月-2023年2月气温、降水、风向和风速等4个观测资料,运用常规统计学方法和天气学方法对开阳县气温、降水和风进行分析。【结果】受周围环境和下垫面性质影响,新址相较于旧址气温偏低0.2℃以上,风速偏大0.6 m·s^(-1)以上。新址更易出现中雨以上量级的降水,当降水量级增加,降水强度偏差随之增大,降水一致性迅速减小。新址风向季节变化和日变化均比旧址明显,旧址9月-次年2月最多风向均为静风;新旧站址全年风向较少出现偏西风,夏季基本稳定为偏南风,春季风向变化最大,存在明显日变化特征。【结论】总体来看,新址相较于旧址气温偏低、风速偏大、风向变化大;降水量级在中雨及以上时,新旧站址降水强度偏差增大,降水一致性减小。

The objective of this research is to understand the influence of station relocation on the continuity,representativeness and accuracy of meteorological data in Kaiyang and provide scientific basis for the correction and application of climate data in Kaiyang in the future.Using the observation data of temperature,precipitation,wind direction and wind speed at the old and new sites of Kaiyang National Basic Meteorological Station from March 2019 to February 2023,this paper comparatively analyzes the temperature,precipitation and wind in Kaiyang County by means of conventional statistical method and synoptic method.The results show that,influenced by the surrounding environment and the nature of the underlying surface,the temperature at the new station is more than 0.2℃lower than that at the old station,but the wind speed is accelerated by more than 0.6 m·s^(-1).The new station is more prone to precipitation heavier than moderate rainfall.When the precipitation magnitude increases,the precipitation intensity deviation become enlarged and the precipitation consistency declines rapidly.The seasonal and diurnal variation of wind direction at the new station is more obvious than at the old station.Calm wind is dominant at the old station from September to February of the next year.Throughout the whole year,there is less westerly wind at both of the new and old stations.In summer,southerly wind prevails basically but the wind direction changes largely in spring with obvious diurnal variation characteristics.Overall,compared with the old station,temperature at the new station is lower,wind speed is larger,and wind direction varies greatly.When the precipitation is heavier than moderate rain,the deviation of precipitation intensity between the old and new stations increases,thus the rainfall consistency is reduced.