生物多样性价值内涵和评估方法研究进展

Research progress on the connotation of biodiversity value and assessment methods

生物多样性价值评估是推动全球生物多样性保护,可持续发展和主流化政策制定的基础,现已成为国际生物多样性保护框架的重要组成部分。采用CiteSpace知识图谱工具,系统梳理了国内外生物多样性价值相关研究的发文数量、研究热点、趋势和代表性成果,阐明了生物多样性价值内涵和生物多样性经济价值分类体系。基于生态经济学研究成果,分别介绍实际市场法、替代市场法和模拟市场法三类生物多样性价值评估方法的概念、特点和应用场景,并依据总经济价值框架,结合案例分别对直接使用价值、间接使用价值、选择价值、遗产价值和存在价值的评估思路、适用方法进行了比较和总结。针对价值评估研究存在的不足,从厘清生物多样性价值内涵,建立价值核算规范,加强与国民经济核算体系关联三方面提出未来的研究建议,以期为生物多样性保护和生物多样性价值研究提供支撑。

Biodiversity valuation is the basis for effective global biodiversity conservation,natural resource sustainability as well as biodiversity mainstreaming policymaking.It is essential for quantifying nature′s contribution to human well-being and promoting sustainable development.It has become an important component of several international biodiversity conservation frameworks.Firstly,the study systematically sorted the number of articles,research hotspots,trends,and representative results of biodiversity valuation studies in Web of Science Core Collection and CNKI databases by utilizing CiteSpace software.Research on biodiversity valuation theory began in the 1990s,recognizing that biodiversity has both instrumental and intrinsic value.The 1990s and 2000s were the foundational period of biodiversity valuation research,forming the far-reaching Total Economic Value framework.From the beginning of the 21st century to the present,research on biodiversity value has developed at a rapid pace,focusing on biodiversity in part of species richness,ecosystem services,functional diversity,climate change,sustainable development.In global ecological research,biodiversity value has become a hot topic.Secondly,based on the research status,the connotation of biodiversity value and the classification system of biodiversity economic value were briefly described.From the economic perspective,it is divided into use value and non-use value,and the secondary classification includes direct use value,indirect use value,option value,bequest value,and existence value.From the perspective of ecosystem diversity value,it is divided into provision services value,regulating services value,and culture services value.Thirdly,the concept,characteristics,and application scenarios of the three types of biodiversity valuation methods,the actual market method,the alternative market method,and the hypothetical market method were explained based on the relationship between biodiversity goods and the trading market.According to the TEV framework,the valuation methods applicable to each type of value are compared and summarised.Combined with case studies,it introduces the application of the functional-value idea,the equivalent factor idea,the willingness-to-pay idea,bioprospecting agreements,and biodiversity credit in valuation practice.Finally,to address the shortcomings of value assessment research,future research proposals are made in the following three aspects:(1)Improve the methodological research on the connotation of biodiversity value and the value classification system.(2)Establish biodiversity value assessment norms and explore the construction of an integrated or sub-dimensional value assessment index system.(3)Strengthen the link between biodiversity value and the national economic accounting system to promote the mainstreaming of biodiversity.This paper can provide support for biodiversity conservation and biodiversity value research.