草地贪夜蛾对新入侵地区蝙蝠超声波胁迫的行为反应和转录组分析

Behavioral response and transcriptome analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda to ultrasonic stress from bats in newly invaded areas

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是一种极具破坏性的入侵物种,对粮食作物构成重大威胁。蝙蝠是鳞翅目昆虫的重要天敌之一,控制着鳞翅目昆虫的生存和数量。为探究草地贪夜蛾在到达新的入侵地区后,是否以及如何对入侵地的食虫蝙蝠发出的超声波做出响应,研究首先观察并记录了草地贪夜蛾在暴露于入侵地蝙蝠超声波前后的行为变化,然后以正常环境中的成虫作为对照,对暴露于蝙蝠超声0.5、3、12、24、48小时和72小时的一日龄雄性草地贪夜蛾转录组进行比较分析。转录组的综合分析为研究蝙蝠超声信号对草地贪夜蛾产生的分子变化提供有价值的信息。行为结果表明,在草地贪夜蛾听觉范围内的入侵地蝙蝠超声波可以显著降低蛾类的行为活动,表明这些信号可能在成虫的行为中起着至关重要的作用。转录组分析表明,蝙蝠超声胁迫诱导了草地贪夜蛾体内广泛的基因表达变化,与对照组相比,不同时长的超声刺激下共鉴定出2389个显著上调基因和2491个显著下调基因,将在多个时间点均显著上调或下调的521个基因定义为草地贪夜蛾对蝙蝠超声响应的关键基因。对这些关键基因的GO和KEGG富集分析进一步揭示了蝙蝠超声胁迫对草地贪夜蛾的不同影响过程,结果显示215个上调基因与神经信号传递、声音感知、听觉受体细胞发育、氧化应激和恐惧反应等过程高度相关,306个下调基因主要富集在各种能量代谢途径和生物合成过程中。通过qRT-PCR实验验证了转录组分析结果的可靠性。研究为草地贪夜蛾应对蝙蝠超声胁迫的生物学和分子机制提供了新的见解,并为今后开发更有效、更环保的方法控制鳞翅目害虫提供更多依据。

The fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda,is an invasive species of significant concern due to its highly destructive nature and the substantial threat it poses to food crops.Bats are one of the important natural enemies of lepidopteran insects,controlling their survival and quantity.To investigate whether and how S.frugiperda responds to the ultrasound emitted by insectivorous bats in newly invaded areas after arriving at a new invasion area,this study first observed and recorded the behavioral changes of S.frugiperda both before and after exposure to ultrasound emitted by local bats.Then,the transcriptomes of one-day-old male adults of S.frugiperda being exposed to bat ultrasound for 0.5,3,12,24,48 and 72 hours were compared and analyzed with those in normal environment as controls.The comprehensive analysis of the transcriptomes provided valuable information into the molecular changes that occur in S.frugiperda in response to bat ultrasonic signals.The behavioral results indicated that local bats ultrasound which were within the hearing range of S.frugiperda could significantly reduce the behavioral activity of moths,suggesting that these signals may play a crucial role in the moths behavior.The transcriptome analysis showed that bats ultrasonic stress induced extensive changes in gene expression in the body of S.frugiperda.Compared with the control group,a total of 2389 significantly up-regulated genes and 2491 significantly down-regulated genes were identified under different durations of ultrasound stimulation.The 521 genes that were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated at multiple time points were defined as key genes in response to bat ultrasound.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of these key genes further revealed the different processes affected by bat ultrasonic stress in S.frugiperda.The results showed that 215 up-regulated genes were highly correlated with processes such as neural signal transmission,sound perception,auditory receptor cell development,oxidative stress and fear response,while 306 down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in various energy metabolism pathways and biosynthesis processes.These findings suggest that bat ultrasonic signals may have a profound impact on the physiology and behavior of S.frugiperda.To further validate the reliability of the transcriptome analysis results,qRT-PCR experiments were conducted.The study provides new insights into the biological and molecular mechanisms of S.frugiperda in response to bat ultrasonic stress,and could provide greater support for developing more effective and environmentally friendly methods for controlling S.frugiperda and other lepidopteran pest species in the future.