青藏高原人居环境评估指标、评估框架及其时空变化

Human settlements on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Assessment indicators,assessment framework and spatiotemporal changes

在气候变化与人类活动加剧的背景下,青藏高原人居环境的空间格局及变化受到广泛关注。研究从人地关系出发,提出了青藏高原人居环境质量综合评估的框架。依据可持续发展目标对区域评估“本土化”的时代需求,基于高原气候特色与人体健康,构建了青藏高原人居环境质量评估指标体系,并对2000—2020年青藏高原人居环境质量时空变化进行了评估。结果表明:(1)青藏高原人居环境质量由西向东呈逐渐上升趋势。以阿里地区、羌塘高原为代表的高原腹地,多是人居环境恶劣的无人区。而在高原东部,人居环境质量相对于整个青藏高原相对适宜,尤其是一江两河、河湟谷地以及东南缘峡谷河谷地带。(2)2000—2020年,青藏高原人居环境适宜区面积占比增多,人居环境质量显著提升。其中非适宜区主要分布在在青藏高原中西部,由70.54%下降至55.37%,较适宜区及适宜区在青藏高原东缘逐渐扩张,面积占比从1.28%上升至13.99%。(3)从子系统的变化贡献性来看,青藏高原人居环境的改善主要源于人类社会经济发展。其中,社会经济环境对人居环境改善影响占比较大,贡献率达到66.33%,是高原地区人居环境发展的主要动力,健康环境(29.31%)是重要支撑,而自然环境变化整体趋于稳定。研究结果可提升青藏高原国土空间规划的科学性,促进青藏高原人居环境的改善与提升,支撑青藏高原生态保护与社会经济高质量发展。

Under the background of climate change and the intensification of human activities,the spatial pattern and changes of human settlements on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have attracted wide attention in the world.Based on the relationship between human and land,this research puts forward the framework of comprehensive assessment of human settlement quality in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.According to the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),the regional assessment of“localization”needs of The Times,this paper constructs the Tibetan Plateau human settlement quality assessment index system based on the plateau climate characteristics and human health,and evaluates the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau human settlement quality status from 2000 to 2020.The assessment results of this research show that:(1)the quality of human settlements on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau gradually increased from west to east.The hinterland of the plateau,represented by Ali region and Qiangtang Plateau,is mostly uninhabited areas with poor living environment.In the eastern part of the Plateau,the quality of human settlements is relatively suitable compared with the whole the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,especially the area of Yarlung Zangbo river and its two tributaries,the Hehuang valley and the southeast margin of the valley.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the proportion of suitable areas for human settlements on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has increased,and the quality of human settlements has significantly improved.The non-suitable areas mainly distributed in the central and western part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,decreased from 70.54%to 55.37%.And the suitable area gradually expanded in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and the proportion of the area increased from 1.28%to 13.99%.(3)From the perspective of the change contribution of the sub-system,the improvement of the human settlement on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is mainly due to the development of human society and economy.Among them,the social and economic environment has a relatively large impact on the improvement of human settlements,accounting for 66.33%of the contribution rate,which is the main driving force for the development of human settlements in plateau areas.The healthy environment(29.31%)is an important support,and the change of natural environment tends to be stable on the whole.The research results can provide reference value for improving the scientific territorial spatial planning of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,promoting the improvement and upgrading of the human settlement quality on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and supporting the ecological protection and high-quality social and economic development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.