桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素的提取纯化工艺及降血糖作用研究进展

Research Progress on the Extraction and Purification Technology of 1-Deoxynojiri Mycin from Mulberry Leaves and its Hypoglycemic Effect

桑叶作为一种具有优良降血糖功效的药食同源植物,富含生物碱、黄酮和多糖等多种生物活性成分。其中,1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)是桑叶降血糖的主要成分之一。近年来,关于DNJ的提取纯化工艺和降血糖作用机制成为国内外的研究热点。目前,DNJ提取方法主要包括水提法、有机溶剂提取法、超声辅助法、微波辅助法等,但相关提取纯化参数不一,尚未形成系统的提取纯化工艺体系,无法指导工业化生产。目前,公认的DNJ降血糖功效机制主要是通过竞争性地抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,也有研究表明DNJ可能通过抗炎、抗氧化及调节肠道菌群等方式达到降血糖的目的,但作用机理尚不明确。因此,重点综述了DNJ的提取纯化工艺和降血糖机制,为DNJ的提取产业化和降血糖功效提供技术参考和理论支撑。

As a kind of medicinal and edible homologous plant with excellent hypoglycemic effect,mulberry leaf is rich in many bioactive components such as alkaloids,flavonoids and polysaccharides.Among them,1-deoxynojiri mycin(DNJ)is one of the main components of mulberry leaf for hypoglycemia.In recent years,the extraction and purification process of DNJ and its hypoglycemic action mechanism have become a research hotspot.At present,DNJ extraction methods mainly include water extraction method,organic solvent extraction method,ultrasonic assisted method,microwave assisted method,etc..However,the relevant extraction and purification parameters are different,and no systematic extraction and purification process system has been formed to guide industrial production.The currently recognized mechanism of DNJ's hypoglycemic effect is mainly through competitive inhibition ofα-glucosidase activity,while some studies have also suggested that DNJ may achieve the hypoglycemia through anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and regulation of intestinal flora,but the mechanism of action is still unclear.Therefore,this paper focused on reviewing the extraction and purification process and hypoglycemic mechanism of DNJ,providing technical reference and theoretical support for the extraction industrialization and hypoglycemic efficacy of DNJ.