博士毕业生的区域流动就业及其城市分布特征——基于城市群视角的分析

Regional Mobile Employment and Urban Distribution Characteristics of Doctoral Graduates:An Analysis from the Perspective of Urban Agglomeration

城市群建设是未来城市发展的重要目标,也是深入推进区域协调发展战略的依托,从城市群视角分析博士毕业生的区域流动就业对于理解大学、知识和地区经济发展的关系具有重要意义。基于2022年全国博士毕业生调查数据分析不同城市群博士毕业生的区域流动就业状况及其城市分布特征,结果显示:第一,不同城市群对博士的培养能力存在差异,其中京津冀和长三角城市群培养了我国一半以上的博士;第二,长三角和珠三角城市群对博士的吸纳能力较强,哈长、辽中南、关中和兰西城市群对博士的吸纳能力较弱,山东半岛和中原城市群则主要吸纳了本地生源的博士;第三,从就业城市分布来看,博士在京津冀城市群的中心城市就业比例较高,在山东半岛和中原城市群的中心城市就业比例较低;第四,对于就业部门,博士在京津冀、长三角和珠三角城市群企业就业的比例显著高于在其它城市群企业就业的比例。鉴于不同城市群对博士的培养能力、集聚能力和区域内的辐射能力均存在差异,故不同地区需采取差异化策略积累博士人才。

The construction of urban agglomerations is an important goal for future urban development and a basis for deepening the strategy of regional coordinated development.Analyzing the regional mobility employment of doctoral graduates from the perspective of urban agglomerations is of great significance for understanding the relationship between universities,knowledge,and regional economic development.Based on the data collected from the 2022 National Survey of Doctoral Graduates,this study examines the regional mobility patterns and urban distribution characteristics of doctoral graduates'employment in different urban agglomerations.The findings are as follows.Firstly,there are disparities in the capacity of doctoral training among different urban agglomerations,with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations nurturing over half of China's doctoral graduates.Secondly,the Yangtze River Delta and Zhujiang River Delta urban agglomerations exhibit strong capabilities in attracting doctoral graduates,while the Harbin-Changchun,Liaozhongnan,Guanzhong,and Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomerations demonstrate relatively weaker allure.The Shandong Peninsula and Central Plains urban agglomerations primarily attract doctoral graduates with local registered residence.Thirdly,regarding employment city distribution,a higher proportion of doctoral graduates find employment in the central cities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,whereas the central cities of the Shandong Peninsula and Central Plains urban agglomerations exhibit a relatively lower employment rate.Fourthly,in terms of employment sectors,the proportion of doctoral students employed in enterprises within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,and Zhujiang River Delta urban agglomerations is significantly higher than in other urban agglomerations.Considering the variations in the capacity for doctoral cultivation,agglomeration,and regional influence among different urban agglomerations,it is necessary for different regions to adopt differentiated strategies to accumulate doctoral talent.