从工科生到工程师:工程教育体系的核心指向、现实困境及变革路径

From Engineering Students to Engineers:The Core Orientation,Current Challenges,and Pathways to Transformation in Engineering Education Systems

从理论逻辑、历史逻辑、实践逻辑出发,“胜任工程实践”始终是工程师职业的核心指向。从学校工程教育体系的现实来看,缺失育人本真的离身化工程教育、桎梏多维视野的狭窄化学科教育以及弱化主体参与的知识传授式课程教学,阻碍着工科生向工程师的转变。面向卓越工程师培养进行工程教育体系的变革,需要以高质量发展作为工程教育的价值准绳,立足工程实践构建跨学科、跨界的工程教育体系,以工程实践问题及项目为载体开展情景式教学。

From the logic of theory,history and practice,"being competent in engineering practice"has always been the core direction of the engineer profession.Judging from the reality of engineering education system in schools,disembodied engineering education that lacks the essence of human education,narrow disciplinary education that shackles multidimensional perspectives,and knowledge-based teaching that weakens subject participation,all hinder the transformation of engineering students into engineers.In order to change the engineering education system for the cultivation of outstanding engineers,it is necessary to take high-quality development as the value criterion of engineering education,build an interdisciplinary and cross-border engineering education system based on engineering practice,and carry out situational teaching with the carrier of engineering practice problems and projects.