露天煤矿边坡稳定性及智能监测技术研究现状

Research status of slope stability and intelligent monitoring technology in open pit coal mine

露天煤矿开采过程中,高陡边坡稳定性直接制约着矿区安全和开采工作的可持续性,并对矿区环境和周边建筑设施构成巨大威胁。采用传统单一的仪器或人工监测存在很大的局限性,主要问题是监测位置难以全覆盖,监测频次不能满足矿山安全监测频率。因此,精准实时掌握矿山边坡状态信息与变形失稳过程,可有效遏制山体滑坡带来的重特大事故的发生,为煤矿企业长期的安全生产和经济效益提供保障。本文以露天矿山边坡稳定性分析为基础,结合国内外露天煤矿高陡边坡稳定性评价的研究指标,介绍了露天煤矿边坡智能化监测的内容框架,提出露天煤矿边坡稳定性监测与人工智能监测技术相结合的研究思路。根据露天煤矿高陡边坡自身情况和实际条件,结合智能监测技术,如天基监测卫星遥感技术、空基监测无人机技术、地基监测三维激光扫描仪,以及测量机器人等监测仪器、体基监测钻孔应力计和渗压计等测试仪器。通过AI智能化数据分析处理,从而得到矿区高陡边坡的实时情况,建立全维度的智能化监测分析与报警体系,以实现露天煤矿高陡边坡稳定性信息的动态解译与表征,据此获得更加精准、可靠和直观的边坡稳定性数据。以期为开展露天煤矿安全生产和边坡稳定性方案评估、设计与防灾提供重要的参考依据。

In the process of open pit coal mining,the stability of high and steep slope directly restricts the safety of mining area and the sustainability of mining work,and poses a great threat to the mining area environment and surrounding building facilities.Using the traditional single instrument or manual monitoring has great limitations.The main problem is that the monitoring position is difficult to fully cover,and the monitoring frequency cannot meet the frequency of mine safety monitoring.Therefore,the accurate and real-time grasp of the mine slope status information and deformation and instability process,can effectively curb the occurrence of serious accidents caused by landslides,and provide a guarantee for the long-term safe production and economic benefits of coal mining enterprises.Based on the stability analysis of open pit mine slope,combined with the research index of the stability evaluation of high and steep slope of open pit coal mine at home and abroad,this paper introduces the content framework of intelligent monitoring of open pit coal mine slope,and puts forward the research idea of combining the stability monitoring of open pit coal mine slope and artificial intelligence monitoring technology.According to the situation and actual conditions of the high and steep slope of the open pit coal mine,combined with intelligent monitoring technology,such as space-based monitoring satellite remote sensing technology,air base monitoring UAV technology,ground foundation monitoring threedimensional laser scanner and measurement robot and other monitoring instruments,body base monitoring drilling stressor and seepage pressure gauge and other test instruments.Through AI intelligent data analysis and processing,the real-time situation of the high and steep slope in the mining area is obtained,and the full-dimensional intelligent monitoring,analysis and alarm system is established to realize the dynamic interpretation and characterization of the stability information of the high and steep slope in the open-pit coal mine,so as to obtain more accurate,reliable and intuitive slope stability data.In order to provide an important reference basis for the evaluation,design and disaster prevention of safety production and slope stability in open pit coal mine.