以煤矸石为基质的紫花苜蓿土壤改良配比研究

Study on improvement of alfalfa soil with coal gangue as matrix

煤矸石的大量排放和长期堆积不仅造成了严重的资源浪费,而且对环境具有一定的污染。因此,探求煤矸石土壤改良最适宜的基质,可以解决地区土地盐碱化、沙化和荒漠化等土壤问题,对部分土地进行修复和开发,使土壤更加适合耕种,完善植物适应环境因素。其次,可以提高煤矸石高值化利用,减少煤矸石污染环境问题,从而达到“以废制废,变废为资源”的循环经济目标,进一步实现从“煤矸石”到“没矸石”的发展道路。试验选取神府地区煤矸石和矿区周边土壤为原材料,以紫花苜蓿为研究对象,通过盆栽试验测定分析植物的生长指标,从苜蓿的生长质量对不同配比基质进行评价,确定煤矸石、土壤与玉米秸秆的最佳配比。结果表明,煤矸石∶土壤=1∶1基质生长最为茂盛,出苗率为70%,种植50 d后,株高可达到6.4 cm。并且种植前配比基质和种植后的紫花苜蓿的重金属含量均符合国家标准。

The large discharge and long-term accumulation of coal gangue not only cause serious waste of resources,but also have certain pollution to the environment.Therefore,exploring the most suitable matrix for the improvement of coal gangue soil can solve the soil problems such as salinization,desertification and desertification,and repair and develop part of the land,so as to make the soil more suitable for cultivation and improve the plants to adapt to environmental factors.Then,it can improve the high-value utilization of coal gangue,reduce the environmental pollution problem of coal gangue,so as to achieve the circular economy goal of“making waste from waste,turning waste into resources”,and further realize the development road from“coal gangue”to“no gangue”.The experiment selectes the coal gangue and the surrounding soil in Shenfu Area as raw materials,and the alfalfa is taken as the research object.The growth index of plants is determined and analyzed through the pot experiment,and the different ratio matrix is evaluated from the growth quality of alfalfa to determine the optimal ratio of coal gangue,soil and straw.The results show that coal gangue∶soil=1∶1 matrix grows the most lush the emergence rate is 70%,50 days after planting,the plant height can reach 6.4 cm.The heavy metal content of the matching matrix before planting and the planting alfalfa is in line with the national standards.