环境政策对工业绿色转型的影响——综合效益、空间效应、差异化影响及政策优化路径

The Impact of Environmental Policy on Industrial Green Transformation:A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Benefits,Spatial Effects,Differentiated Impacts,and Policy Optimization Pathways

环境政策通过塑造企业生产理念、调整成本收益结构以及激发技术和管理创新,有效促进工业绿色转型,并对产业链绿色转型发挥顶层设计和统筹协调作用。2000—2021年,中国环境政策对工业绿色转型的总体影响呈“U”型,且具有显著空间效应,其直接效应、间接效应和总效应均显著呈“U”型。环境政策对不同转型领域的影响呈现差异化特征,对能源体系绿色转型的影响呈倒“U”型,而对其他转型领域呈正“U”型。不同环境政策手段影响各异,需要警惕直接手段和管制型手段潜在的不利影响,并加强应用经济型手段。东部地区的环境政策与工业绿色转型水平保持领先地位,环境政策对工业绿色转型的影响力度较大,而其他区域则存在不同程度的落后。为推动工业绿色转型,应注重政策的空间效应与差异化、优化政策手段结构、加强与市场需求衔接并提升政策协调性,不断优化环境政策,为培育新质生产力注入新动能。

Environmental policies effectively promote industrial green transformation and play a top-level design and coordination role in the green transformation of the industrial chain by shaping enterprise production concepts,adjusting cost-benefit structures,and stimulating technological and management innovation.From 2000 to 2021,the overall impact of China’s environmental policies on industrial green transformation showed a U-shaped pattern,with significant spatial effects,and their direct,indirect,and total effects all showed a significant U shaped pattern.The impact of environmental policies on different transformation areas showed differentiated characteristics,with an inverted U-shaped impact on the green transformation of the energy system and a positive U shaped impact on other transformation areas.Different environmental policy instruments have different impacts,and it is necessary to be vigilant against the potential adverse effects of direct and regulatory instruments,and strengthen the application of economic instruments.Environmental policies in the eastern region maintain a leading position in industrial green transformation,with strong impact on industrial green transformation,while other regions lag behind to varying degrees.In order to promote industrial green transformation,we should pay attention to the spatial effects and differentiation of policies,optimize the structure of policy instruments,strengthen the con⁃nection with market demand,and enhance policy coordination.We should constantly optimize environmental policies to inject new momentum into cultivating new quality productivity.