建筑施工环保型抑尘剂的制备与性能研究

Preparation and Performance Research of Dust Suppressant for Building Construction

针对建筑混凝土拆卸过程中产生的扬尘问题,本文采用接枝共聚的方法,选取天然可降解的纤维素衍生物羧甲基纤维素为原料,接枝聚乙烯醇改性合成高分子聚合物,再复配生物质活性剂增强聚合物溶液的润湿性能,最后对抑尘剂进行性能测试。结果表明,抑尘剂最佳合成条件反应温度为60℃,引发剂的添加量为单体质量分数的1%~1.5%。此抑尘剂相较于洒水抑尘能更好地固化尘样颗粒,有效地防止二次扬尘。对于高浓度粉尘的沉降效率可达87.73%,相比于洒水抑尘的抑尘效率提升了31.75%。

In order to solve the problem of dust generated during the demolition of construction concrete,this paper adopts the method of graft polymerization,selecting carboxymethyl cellulose,a natural degradable cellulose derivative,as the raw material,and grafting polyvinyl alcohol to modify the synthetic polymer.Then the biomass active agent was compounded to enhance the wettability of the polymer solution.Finally,the performance of dust suppressant was tested.The results show that the best reaction temperature was 60℃and the amount of initiator was 1%~1.5%of the mass fraction of the monomer.The dust suppressant has good dust sedimentation effect and can effectively prevent secondary dust lifting compared with water spraying.The settling efficiency of the dust suppressant can reach 87.73%for high concentration dust,which is 31.75%higher than the dust suppression efficiency of water spraying.