重访马克思晚期的劳动异化批判理论——《回到马克思》第二卷出版之际(访谈之四)

A Revisting Bite of Marx’s Late Critical Theory of Alienation of Labour—On the Occasion of the Publication of Volume 2 of Back to Marx (Interview 4)

在最新出版的《回到马克思》第二卷中,劳动异化批判理论是贯穿全书的核心主题线索之一。本次访谈聚焦于张一兵教授对马克思晚期的劳动异化批判理论Ⅲ的重新发掘和思想构境过程,展现了马克思在《资本论》及其准备手稿时期建构科学的劳动异化批判理论的哲学方法论基础、思想逻辑演变和复杂结构体系。由于意识到基于广义历史唯物主义的物质生产视位、一般物相化透视和历史认识论,无法真正揭露资本主义经济关系的实质和破除资产阶级经济学的意识形态迷障,于是,马克思在《大纲》中重新回到劳动过程视位,再次借助黑格尔的现象学批判方法论,确立起基于狭义历史唯物主义的经济物相化透视、历史现象学和批判认识论。在深入分析资本主义经济运动的内在机制及其剥削实质的过程中,马克思重新启用了异化概念,建构起科学的劳动异化批判理论Ⅲ。而在《资本论》中,马克思出于现实方面的考虑,用经济拜物教批判替代了劳动异化批判分析。但在根本上,科学的劳动异化批判理论Ⅲ构成了马克思的经济学理论和资本主义批判理论的基础。

The critical theory alienation of labour, in the newly published Back to Marx (2 nd volume), is one of the core thematic clues that runs through the entire book. This interview focuses on Professor Zhang Yibing’s re-exploration and ideological construction of Marx’s late critical theory of alienation of labour III, showcasing the philosophical methodological foundation, logical evolution, and complex structural system of Marx’s construction of a scientific critical theory of alienation of labour in his Capital and its preparatory manuscripts. Marx realized that the material production perspective, general materialization perspective, and historical epistemology based on broad historical materialism cannot truly reveal the essence of capitalist economic relations and break through the ideological barriers of bourgeois economics, therefore, he returned to the perspective of the labor process in An Grandrisse and once again adopted Hegel’s phenomenological critical methodology to establish an economic materialization perspective, historical phenomenology, and critical epistemology based on narrow historical materialism. In his deep analysis of the internal mechanism of capitalist economic movement and its exploitative essence, Marx reintroduced the concept of alienation and constructed a scientific critical theory of alienation of labour III. In Capital , Marx replaced the critical analysis of alienation of labour with the critique of economic fetishism for practical considerations. But fundamentally, his scientific critical theory of alienation of labour III constitutes the foundation of Marx’s economic theory and critical theory of capitalism.