从“碎片”到“整体”:我国本科生导师制的运行困境及其优化

From"Fragment"to"Wholeness":the Operation Dilemma and Optimization of the Undergraduate Tutorial System in China

本科生导师制自引进以来已经逐渐成为我国高等教育本科人才培养的重要治理机制。然而本科生导师制在我国不同高校中运行状况大相径庭,在高校的诸多实践表达中往往陷入断裂性、碎片化运行的现实困境。其中主要显现为高校治理逻辑兼容出现机制排异性碎片、机制牵涉主体之间形成机制卷入性碎片和治理机制施行之后产生机制解构性碎片。究其深层,机制碎片化的发生因由主要有高校内部治理逻辑“条块分割”的取向存在、治理机制和受治主体之间共同体的构建缺失以及治理机制建构和治理主体解构之间的互构失败。由此,对本科生导师制进行优化必须根据机制的整体性设计,进行治理机制相关观念的变革和重构;推进机制共同性构建,完成治理机制运行的实践转向及整合;促进治理机制双向性互构,实现治理机制建构和解构的动态统一。

Since its introduction,the undergraduate tutorial system has gradually become an important governance mechanism for undergraduate talent cultivation in higher education in China.However,the implementation of undergraduate tutorial system varies greatly in different universities in China,and it often falls into the practical dilemma of discontinuous and fragmented operation in many practical expressions of colleges and universities.Among them,it mainly appears that the mechanism rejection fragments from university governance logic,the mechanism involvement fragments among the entities involved in the mechanism and the mechanism deconstructive fragments after the implementation of the governance mechanism.In a deeper level,the fragmentation of the mechanism is mainly due to the existence of the orientation of"block segmentation"in the internal governance logic of universities,the lack of construction of the community between the governance mechanism and the governed entities,the failure of interformation between the construction of governance mechanism and the deconstruction of governance entities.Therefore,the optimization of the undergraduate tutorial system must achieve transformation and reconstruction of related concepts in governance mechanism based on the overall design of mechanism;promote the construction of the common mechanism to complete the practice transformation and integration of the operation of the governance mechanism;promote the bidirectional mutual construction of the governance mechanism to realize the dynamic unification of the construction and deconstruction of the governance mechanism.