行政公益诉讼中诉讼请求的具体化及其限度

Concretization and Limits of Litigation Claims in Administrative Public Interest Litigation

行政公益诉讼目前面临诉讼请求抽象化而造成行政公益诉讼“程序空转”之实践问题。导致这种局面的原因,一方面是立法和司法解释没有明确规定诉讼请求应特定到何种程度,给人民检察院启动检察工作造成不便,另一方面是法院的职权作用发挥不足。具体化的诉讼请求不仅可以促进诉讼案件的顺利进行,还可以引导法院作出具体化判决从而更好地保护公共利益。诉讼请求不能过度追求具体化,其范围不能超出检察建议,亦不能过度干涉行政裁量权。概括型诉讼请求应被排除,原则型诉讼请求可以视情况保留。法院应释明检察机关将抽象的诉讼请求具体化,并适时地作出具体判决。除责令履行诉讼外,确认违法和无效、撤销(重作)和变更诉讼原则上都应强调诉讼请求的具体化。

At present,administrative public interest litigation is faced with the practical problem of"procedure idling"caused by the abstraction of litigation claims.The reason for this situation is that,on the one hand,the legislative and judicial interpretations do not clearly specify the degree to which the litigation claims should be specific,which causes inconvenience to the people's procuratorates to start the procuratorial work,and on the other hand,the court's function of t inquisitorial system is insufficient.Specific claims can not only promote the smooth proceeding of litigation cases,but also lead the court to make specific judgments to better protect the public interest.The claim should not be overly specific,its scope should not exceed the procuratorial suggestion,and it should not excessively interfere with the administrative discretion.General claims should be excluded,and principled claims can be retained according to the circumstances.The court should explain that the procuratorial organ will concretize the abstract litigation request and make a concrete judgment in time.In addition to ordering the performance of the lawsuit,the confirmation of illegal and invalid,cancellation(rework)and change of the lawsuit should emphasize the concretization of the lawsuit request in principle.