国家重点生态功能区转移支付对生态产品价值转化效率的驱动机制研究

Research on the Driving Mechanism of Transfer Payments in National Key Ecological Functional Zones on the Conversion Efficiency of Ecological Product Value

研究目的:构建生态产品价值转化效率评估模型,探究生态转移支付提升生态产品价值转化效率的驱动机制,为促进国家重点生态功能区的生态产品价值实现提供决策参考。研究方法:以2009年颁布的国家重点生态功能区转移支付办法作为一项准自然实验,评估该生态补偿政策对生态产品价值转化效率的影响。研究结果:(1)生态转移支付的实施使得国家重点生态功能区的生态产品价值转化效率提升了0.021,并显示出持续性影响。(2)通过促进生态环境修复、环境污染治理、生态农业发展和生态旅游业开发,生态转移支付产生了环境效应和收入效应,从而提升了生态产品价值转化效率。(3)在水土保持和生物多样性维护型生态功能区,生态产品价值实现效果显著,而在水源涵养和防风固沙型生态功能区实现效果不甚明显。此外,生态转移支付在财政能力较强、环境质量较低的生态功能区产生了更显著的效果。研究结论:应进一步建立健全适应不同类型、不同区域、不同特征的多元化生态产品价值转化机制,完善转移支付核算标准,以体现长效激励原则。

The purpose of this study is to provide decision-making references for the realization of ecological product value in National Key Ecological Function Zones(NKEFZ),by constructing an evaluation model for the conversion efficiency of ecological product value(EPVCE)to explore the driving mechanisms through which ecological transfer payments enhance the EPVCE.The research methods are as follows.Using the“National Key Ecological Function Zones Transfer Payment Method”,introduced in 2009,as a quasi-natural experiment,this study evaluates the impact of this ecological compensation policy on the conversion efficiency of ecological product value.The results show that the implementation of ecological transfer payments has increased the EPVCE in NKEFZ by 0.021 and has shown a sustained impact.By promoting ecological environment restoration,environmental pollution control,the development of ecological agriculture,and eco-tourism,ecological transfer payments have generated both environmental and income effects,thereby enhancing the EPVCE.The realization of ecological product value is particularly significant in NKEFZ focused on soil and water conservation and biodiversity maintenance,whereas the effects are less pronounced in NKEFZ focused on water source conservation and windbreak and sand fixation.Additionally,ecological transfer payments have had more significant effects in NKEFZ with stronger fiscal capabilities and lower environmental quality.In conclusion,it is recommended to further establish and improve diversified mechanisms for the EPVCE that are aligned with different types,regions,and characteristics.Moreover,the standards for transfer payment accounting should be improved to reflect the long-term incentive principles.