大食物观下基于营养平衡的食物自给率测算与食物安全保障策略

Food Self-sufficiency Rate and Food Security Strategy Based on Balanced Diet under a Greater Food Approach in China

中国食物消费经历快速转型升级,食物安全也延拓到数量、质量、营养等层面。食物自给率是食物安全的核心衡量指标,本文以大食物观为指引,多视角分析中国食物与营养自给率变化趋势,并以营养平衡膳食为目标测算主要食物自给率变化。结果显示,2010—2022年奶类、豆类和谷类下降最快,蛋白质和碳水化合物的降幅大于热量的降幅。通过测算平衡膳食目标下食物自给率发现,谷物和肉类趋于上升,奶类降幅最大。与其他国家相比,中国营养总量供应能力处于中等偏上水平,但从结构上看植物类食物占主要比例,豆类和高蛋白肉类自给比例远低于发达国家。未来需要推进以营养健康为导向的结构性改革,积极达成供需结构与质量的动态平衡,以期实现中国高质量、可持续的食物安全。

Food consumption has been undergoing rapid transformation and upgrading in China.That also leads the extension of food security to the aspects of quantity,quality and nutri-tion.Food self-sufficiency rate is a core indicator of food security.Given the Greater Food Approach,this paper analyzes the changes of major foods and nutrients self-sufficiency rate in China in recent years and evaluates the balanced diet based food self-sufficiency rates.The study finds that dairy self-sufficiency declined the most from 2010 to 2022,followed by legumes and cereals.The drop in protein and carbohydrate is greater than the drop in calories.The estimates of the balanced diet food self-suffi-ciency rate indicate the improvements in cereals,meat and fats,and the largest decline in dair-y.Comparing with other countries,Chinese nutrient supply capacity is at the upper middle level,but from the structural point of view,grains account for the main proportion,and the self-sufficiency rates of beans and high-protein meat are low.In the future,it is necessary to promote the structural reform of food system oriented to nutrition and health,to improve the efficiency of food system,and actively a-chieve a dynamic balance between the supply and demand from both structure and quality perspectives in food system,so as to achieve high-quality and sustainable food security in China.