中国节粮减损政策演进、内在逻辑及政策优化研究

Grain Saving and Loss Reduction Policies in China:Evolution,Logic,and Optimization

保障粮食安全要在增产和减损两端同时发力。粮食损失浪费具有外部性,实现节粮减损需要充分发挥政策作用。本文梳理了新中国成立以来节粮减损政策的演进历程,总结了其内在逻辑与特征,并在审视现实问题的基础上提出优化路径。研究表明:第一,中国节粮减损政策演进经历了萌芽孕育、探索起步、规划发展和法律规范四个阶段。第二,中国节粮减损政策是粮食安全战略的重要组成部分,是基于粮食安全形势与损失浪费状况下的必然选择,其演进符合保障粮食有效供给、实现资源节约环境友好的目标逻辑。第三,由于各环节损失浪费成因不同,应针对收获、储存、加工和消费等重点环节的主要问题深入细化节粮减损政策;同时,为推进节粮减损政策落地实施与高效运行,未来需要从建立节粮减损调查评估制度、统筹协调部门间工作、强化科技人才支撑等方面完善并形成节粮减损政策支撑体系。

Achieving food security effectively necessitates a dual-pronged approach:increasing production while simultaneously reducing losses.The reduction of grain loss and waste has externalities,making it crucial to employ a comprehensive set of policy instruments for regulation,incentivization,and guidance.This study conducts a systematic review of the historical progression of grain saving and loss reduction policies since the founding of the People's Republic of China,synthesizes their intrinsic rati-onale and characteristics,and proposes optimization strategies based on a critical assessment of current problems.The findings reveal several key insights.China's grain saving and loss reduction policies have evolved through four distinct phases:incubation and germination,exploratory initiation,strategic devel-opment,and legal regulation.These policies play a pivotal role in China's food security strategy,serving as a deliberate response to the country's food security context and the prevalent issue of loss and waste.This trajectory aligns with a multi-objective approach that simultaneously ensures food supply ef-fectiveness,resource efficiency,and environmentally-friendly practices.Due to the different causes of loss and waste in each stages,focused efforts are needed to deepen grain saving and loss reduction poli-cies at critical stages such as harvesting,storage,processing,and consumption.Additionally,enhancing the practical implementation and effectiveness of grain saving and loss reduction policies requires for-ward-looking measures.These include establishing investigation and evaluation frameworks,fostering coordinated efforts among different government departments,and enhancing scientific and technological expertise.