历史唯物主义的对象、性质和职能研究:概述与反思

Research on the Object,Nature,and Functions of Historical Materialism:An Overview and Reflection

概述与反思中国、苏联、东欧、西方学者关于历史唯物主义对象、性质和职能的研究,并提出作者对这些问题的独特的理解:历史唯物主义以“经验观察”为前提,从实践活动出发研究和把握人与自然、人与社会,即人与世界的关系,同时,对现存的一切进行“前提”批判,在批判旧世界中发现新世界,因而是“真正实证的科学”和“真正批判的世界观”的高度统一;历史唯物主义从人的实践活动出发研究和把握社会发展规律,同时,以社会发展规律为基础探寻无产阶级和人类解放的条件和途径,因而是科学理论和意识形态的高度统一;历史唯物主义以现存世界的本体为基础建构认识论,以认识论为依据使本体论得以真正确立,在现时代,应以历史认识论为理论生长点,并对之进行深入研究、系统论证,从而使自身成为本体论和认识论高度统一的理论形态。

This paper reviews and reflects on researches conducted by Chinese,Soviet,Eastern European,and Western scholars regarding the object,nature,and functions of historical materialism.This paper also offers the author's insights,with an emphasis that historical materialism,which is grounded in"empirical observation,"explores the relationships between humanity and nature,society,as well as the world through practical activities.This approach involves critiquing existing realities to uncover new perspectives and thereby achieving a unity between a"genuinely positive science"and a"truly critical worldview."Moreover,historical materialism examines the laws of social development through human actions,investigates pathways to the liberation of not only the proletariat but the entire human species as well,and in this way embodies the integration of scientific theory and ideology.By establishing an epistemology rooted in the ontology of the existing world,this framework allows for a genuine understanding of both epistemology and ontology.Contemporary discourse should prioritize historical epistemology as a focal point,fostering researches and argumentations that advance historical materialism into a theoretical form which harmonizes ontology and epistemology.