数字基础设施建设与产业链韧性——基于产业链恢复能力数据的实证分析

Digital Infrastructure Construction and Industrial Chain Resilience:Empirical Analysis Based on Industrial Chain Recovery Capability Data

以数字经济提升产业链韧性是加快形成新质生产力的关键一环,数字基础设施建设在这一过程中具有基础支撑作用。本文建立理论分析框架刻画了数字基础设施影响产业链韧性的理论机理,通过手工收集2014~2021年中国60条产业链的微观企业数据、构建产业链恢复能力指标来测度产业链韧性,同时整理获取中国地级市层面每万人4G基站数表征数字基础设施建设水平,实证检验数字基础设施对产业链韧性的影响。研究发现,数字基础设施对产业链韧性具有显著提升作用,且该结论通过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析结果表明,数字基础设施能够形成技术互补机制和协同效率机制,提升产业链韧性。异质性分析结果显示,数字基础设施对产业链韧性的积极影响在数字化程度较高的产业链、垄断产业链、重点支持行业、低技术活跃度行业、先进制造业集群地区较为显著。这意味着进一步激发数字基础设施对产业链韧性的提升作用,需要以高技术活跃度行业为关键着力点,适度超前布局数字基础设施、深化数字基础设施应用场景、构建数字化生态系统。本研究为经济恢复关键期合理布局数字基础设施,建设现代化产业体系提供了理论依据与经验证据。

At present, the penetration and empowerment of different entities in the industrial chainby the digital economy are imbalanced and insufficient. Under the influence of the“ barrel effect”, it isunable to provide sufficient support to improve the resilience of the industrial chain. Therefore, it isimportant to fully leverage the basic supporting role of digital infrastructure as a digital public good andpromote the full chain transformation of the industrial chain via digital technology and data elements.This article establishes a theoretical analysis framework to characterize the theoretical mechanism ofthe impact of digital infrastructure on the resilience of industrial chains. The resilience of industrial chainsis measured by manually collecting micro enterprise data from 60 industrial chains in China from 2014 to2021 and constructing indicators of industrial chain resilience. Moreover, the number of 4G base stationsper 10,000 people at the prefecture level in China is obtained to represent the level of digitalinfrastructure construction, and the impact of digital infrastructure on industrial chain resilience isempirically tested. Research has found that digital infrastructure significantly enhances the resilience of the industrial chain, and this conclusion remains valid even after a series of robustness tests. Themechanism analysis results indicate that digital infrastructure can form technology complementaritymechanisms and collaborative efficiency mechanisms to enhance the resilience of the industrial chain.The heterogeneity analysis results reveal that the positive impact of digital infrastructure on the resilienceof industrial chains is more significant in areas with higher levels of digitization, monopolistic industrialchains, key supported industries, low technological activity industries, and advanced manufacturingclusters. This also means that to further stimulate the role of digital infrastructure in enhancing theresilience of the industrial chain, it is necessary to focus on high-tech active industries, moderatelyadvance the layout of digital infrastructure, deepen the application scenarios of digital infrastructure, andbuild a digital ecosystem. This study provides a theoretical basis and empirical evidence for the rationallayout of digital infrastructure and the construction of a modern industrial system during the critical periodof economic recovery.The contributions of this article are mainly reflected in the following three aspects: First, at thetheoretical level, by combining the typical attributes of digital infrastructure with industry correlationtheory, the basic analysis framework is determined as the correlation carrier and correlation mode.Further, the technology complementary mechanism and collaborative efficiency mechanism of how digitalinfrastructure affects the resilience of the industry chain are proposed, providing new ideas for a deeperunderstanding of how digital infrastructure affects the resilience of the industry chain. Second, at theempirical level, the resilience of the industrial chain is measured by establishing an indicator of therecovery capacity of the industrial chain, which is the ratio of the difference between the recoveryinventory and potential interruption inventory of enterprises in the industrial chain to the potentialinterruption inventory. Moreover, more than 49.35 million pieces of 4G base station geographic locationdata were collected and extracted from the OpenCelliD database to match and obtain the number of 4Gbase stations per 10,000 people in 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2014 to 2021, identify andtest the impact and mechanism path of digital infrastructure on industrial chain resilience, and provideempirical support for guiding specific practices to improve industrial chain resilience. Third, at the policylevel, this article finds that relevant policies to enhance the resilience of the industrial chain should focuson the key role of digital infrastructure as a digital public good. It is necessary to moderately advance thelayout of digital infrastructure, deepen the application scenarios of digital infrastructure, build a digitalecosystem, enrich the carriers of industrial chain associations, adjust the ways of industrial chainassociations, and build deeper technological and economic connections to enhance the resilience of theindustrial chain. Moreover, the policy implementation process should consider the differences in theinnovation capabilities of specific entities.