传统民本思想的四层次体系及其转化发展路径

The Four-Level System of Chinese Traditional People-Oriented Thought and Its Path of Transformation and Development

在众多中国传统国家治理思想中,民本思想是最宝贵、也是在新时代最值得继承和发扬的思想之一。但既有研究还未能建立研究传统民本思想体系的整体、系统和理论性分析框架。为突破现有分析方法不足,本文依据本体论、目的论、认识论、方法论四层次分析方法,从四个方面重新总结民本思想体系。传统民本思想事实上形成由以“关系论”为基础的“民本体论”、以“万物为民”和“利民为本”为核心的“民目的论”、以“民立场”和“民途径”为基础的“民认识论”、以“仁政”为核心的多层次“民方法论”所构成的四层次体系。因此,要实现其转化发展,必须撷取现代民主政治理论精华并吸收中国当代治理实践经验,建立在本体论、目的论、认识论和方法论上全面超越传统民本思想的“民本民主”思想,全力推进我国当代全过程人民民主实践。

Among the many traditional Chinese national governance thoughts,the people-oriented thought is the most valuable heritage,and it is one of the most worthy thoughts to inherit and develop in the new era. However,existing research has not yet established a comprehensive,systematic,and theoretical analytical framework for studying the traditional people-oriented thought. To overcome the shortcomings of existing analytical methods,this article re-summarizes the system of people-oriented thought from four aspects based on the four levels of philosophical ontology,teleology,epistemology,and methodology. The traditional people-oriented thought actually formed a four-level system consisting of the “people ontology” based on the “relationship theory”,the “people's teleology” with the core of “everything for the people” and “benefiting the people”,the “people's epistemology”based on the “people's position” and “people's way”,and the multi-level “people's methodology” with the core of “benevolent government”. It also emphasizes that to achieve the creative transformation and innovative development of the traditional people-oriented thought,we must take the essence of modern democratic political theory and absorb China 's contemporary governance practice experience to build “peopleoriented democracy” thought that comprehensively surpasses traditional people-oriented thought in ontology,teleology,epistemology and methodology. Meanwhile,we should fully promote the whole process people's democracy practice of contemporary China.