硬岩铀矿山维持维护期间的环境管理

Environmental Management During the Maintenance Period of Hard Rock Uranium Mines

硬岩铀矿山是中国天然铀产能的重要组成部分。由于政策调整,当前硬岩铀矿多处于维持维护状态,矿石开采和水冶工序等生产设施停止运行,仅保留尾矿(渣)库、废水处理等设施维持运转。硬岩铀矿维持维护期放射性废物排放量与生产期放射性废物排放量有较大差异,其源项数量和释放量总体减少,对周围环境和公众的辐射影响明显降低,某典型硬岩铀矿山停产后氡浓度和个人剂量贡献值降幅达25.4%~44.5%。根据维持维护期间的源项特征,提出了硬岩铀矿山在维持维护期间的环保措施优化建议,以实现源项削减目标,并给出了流出物和环境监测调整优化方案,确保在人力减少、维持维护工作量增加的情况下,及时发现问题,保障停产矿山的辐射安全可控。

Hard rock uranium mines are an important part of China′s natural uranium production capacity.Due to policy adjustments,many hard rock uranium mines are currently in a maintenance state.Production facilities such as ore mining and hydrometallurgy processes are stopped,and only tailings(slag)storage,wastewater treatment and other waste treatment facilities maintain operation.There is a significant difference in radioactive waste emissions from the production period,with an overall reduction in the number and release of source items,and significantly reducing the radiation impact on the surrounding environment and the public.After the shutdown of a typical hard rock uranium mine,the radon concentration and individual dose contribution values decreased by 25.4%to 44.5%.Based on the characteristics of the source terms during the maintenance period,optimization suggestions for environmental protection measures during the maintenance period of hard rock uranium mines are proposed to further reduce the source terms.At the same time,an adjustment plan for effluent and environmental monitoring is provided to ensure timely detection of problems while reducing manpower and increasing maintenance workload,ensuring the radiation safety and controllability of the shutdown mines.