我国人畜间布鲁菌病流行现状及诊断方法研究进展

Research Progress on Epidemic Status and Diagnostic Methods of Brucellosis Among Human and Livestock in China

布鲁菌病(Brucellosis)是由布鲁菌(Brucella)引起的一种以发热、流产和慢性、变态反应炎症为特征的人兽共患传染病。该病在世界范围内广泛流行,对人类健康和畜牧业造成严重影响,是全球面临的公共卫生问题。鉴于目前疫情防控形势,本文对我国人间和畜间布鲁菌病的流行现状及诊断方法的研究进展进行了总结。数据分析表明,布鲁菌病在我国人和动物间广泛流行,2021年上升到发病人数的高峰值,至今仍居高不下。布鲁菌抗体阳性动物以牛、羊为主,宠物群体的感染情况说明人与伴侣动物的接触存在感染风险。在诊断方法方面,除经典的细菌培养、平板凝集试验等方法外,CRISPR/Cas12a结合重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(CPA-CRISPR/Cas12a)及可视化环介导等温扩增(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)方法,为现场快速检测提供了新的可能。此外,二代测序技术在中枢神经系统感染的鉴别诊断中显示出独特优势。本文还探讨了布鲁菌病的诊断标志物研究进展,包括miRNAs、lncRNA、免疫原性蛋白等潜在标志物的发现,为疾病的早期诊断和治疗提供了新的思路。

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Brucella characterized by fever and abortion.The clinical manifestations of brucellosis are chronic and allergic.The disease is widespread in the world.It has a serious impact on human health and animal husbandry,which is a global public health problem.In view of the current situation of epidemic prevention and control,the epidemiological status and diagnostic methods of brucellosis among humans and animals in China were reviewed in this paper.Data analysis shows that brucellosis is widely prevalent among humans and animals in China.In 2021,the number of cases rose to the peak value,and the incidence rate remained high.Brucella antibody positive animals are mainly cattle and sheep.And the infection of pet groups indicates that there is a risk of infection between humans and companion animals.In terms of diagnostic methods,in addition to classical bacterial culture,plate agglutination test and other methods,CRISPR/Cas12a combined with recombinant polymerase amplifi cation technology and visual LAMP(Loop-mediated isothermal amplifi cation)method provide new possibilities for rapid fi eld detection.In addition,second-generation sequencing technology has shown unique advantages in the diff erential diagnosis of central nervous system infections.This paper also discusses the research progress of diagnostic markers of brucellosis,including the discovery of miRNAs,lncRNA,immunogenic proteins and other potential markers,which provides a new idea for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.