产业转移视角下中国城市分工的空间关系

The spatial relationship of urban division of labor in China from the perspective of industrial transfer

基于产业转移视角,利用2004—2020年数据实证研究中国地级以上城市分工的空间关系并构建空间OD模型检验城市分工的影响因素。结果表明:①中国城市产业分工存在显著的网络自相关特征,且相较于转入地网络自相关性,产业转出地网络自相关性对分工的影响更强,而转出地—转入地网络自相关性对分工的影响为负;②城市产业分工的网络自相关强度与产业转移“城市对”所在地区、经济发展水平差距相关,也具有产业特征和时间阶段性,东、中部地区内部及相互城市之间、经济发展水平差距较大城市之间产业分工的网络自相关性更突出,空间流动性强产业及2012年以前城市产业分工的网络自相关性也更明显;③城市产业分工由多种因素驱动,空间距离、产业转出地与转入地的数字经济发展水平、对外开放程度和人力资本储备、环境规制、能源消费结构、金融约束、创新能力等都会影响城市分工并存在溢出效应。因此,识别城市产业分工格局、推动城市产业转型升级应关注产业转移及其网络依赖关系所产生的非对称影响。

Through the lens of industrial transfer,this study leverages data spanning from 2004 to 2020 to empirically investigate the spatial interrelationships of the division of labor among prefecture-level cities in China.The research constructs a spatial Origin-Destination(OD)model to scrutinize the determinants influencing the urban division of labor.The findings elucidate several key points:(1)A substantial network autocorrelation attribute is prevalent in the urban industrial division of labor.In comparison to the destination network autocorrelation,the source network autocorrelation exerts a more potent influence on the division of labor,whereas the source-destination network autocorrelation imparts a detrimental effect on the division of labor.(2)The intensity of network autocorrelation in urban industrial division of labor is intertwined with the geographical locations of the industrial transfer"city pairs"and the disparity in economic development levels,exhibiting industrial idiosyncrasies and temporal phases.The network autocorrelation of industrial division of labor is more conspicuous within and among cities in the eastern and central regions,as well as between cities with substantial disparities in economic development.The network autocorrelation of spatially mobile industries and the urban industrial division of labor prior to 2012 is also more discernible.(3)The urban industrial division of labor is propelled by a myriad of factors,encompassing spatial distance,the digital economy development levels of both the source and destination cities,the extent of openness to the global market,human capital reserves,environmental regulations,energy consumption structure,financial constraints,and innovation capacities.These factors influence the division of labor and manifest spillover effects.Consequently,in discerning the paradigms of urban industrial labor division and facilitating the metamorphosis and enhancement of urban industries,it is imperative to consider the asymmetrical ramifications engendered by industrial transfer and its concomitant network interdependencies.