美坝白语的名物化标记

Nominalization in Meiba Bai

美坝白语中没有小句名物化,相对来说,词汇名物化手段比较丰富,主要通过n■^(44)、■i^(21)、tsh■^(31)来表达词汇名物化。n■^(44)的名物化标记功能是在属性标记和关系化标记的功能上发展而来,因此和词汇的搭配以及所表达的语义都与上述功能密切相关。■i^(21)的名物化功能直接从量词发展而来,同样用于修饰人的量词t■^(21)、pa^(35)、xu■33也有名物化标记的功能,但不如■i^(21)常用。■i^(21)和n■^(44)都能用于名物化动作的论元,但■i^(21)只用于名物化由人充当的施事论元,n■^(44)可以名物化动作的不同论元。■i^(21)和n■^(44)都用于名物化由人充当的施事论元时,二者所指对象的有定性不同。tsh■^(31)的词汇义是“处”,用作名物化标记时,加在动词或动词短语后表示动作发生的时间,加在形容词后表示性质或状态本身,在语义上和n■^(44)、■i^(21)互补。美坝白语的材料体现了汉藏语系语言名物化手段的多样性及其内部系统性。

Clausal nominalization is unmarked in Meiba Bai,while lexical nominalization is mainly marked by three nominalizers,namely n■^(44)、■i^(21) and tsh■^(31).The nominalizing function of no4 is developed from its functions as modifier and relative markers,thus their distributions and meanings are closely related.The nominalizer ■i^(21) is directly grammaticalized from the classifier ■i^(21).The classifiers that are used to modify human nouns(i.e.,t■^(21)、pa^(35)and xu■33)all have the function of nominalization,but are less frequently used than ■i^(21).■i^(21) seems to overlap with n■^(44) in nominalizing arguments of verbs,but they are distinctive in function.■i^(21) is only used in agent nominalization,while n■^(44) can be used in nominalizing different arguments.Even when they are both used in agent nominalization,their referents are different in definiteness.The lexical meaning of tsh■^(31) is'a place'.As a nominalizer,it indicates the time of events when used with verbs or verbal phrases and a quality or a state when used with adjectives,which is semantically in complementary distribution with n■^(44) and ■i^(21).The data of Meiba Bai further demonstrate the diversity and systematization of nominalization in Sino-Tibetan languages.