城—郊生态旅游流网络结构特征与集聚联动模式研究——以北京市为例

Network structure characteristics and agglomeration-linkage patterns of ecotourist flow from urban to suburban areas:A case study of Beijing

城—郊生态旅游流在一定程度上反映了城区居民对郊区生态旅游的地理偏好、需求以及选择行为,科学分析其网络结构特征对于优化城郊地区的生态旅游资源配置、异质联动与网络化发展格局具有重要意义。论文以北京市为例,利用手机信令数据追踪中心城区居民在郊区的生态旅游足迹,基于社会网络理论构建京郊生态旅游流网络评价指标体系,结合地理空间分析法探究其核心—边缘、关键节点、凝聚子群的空间分布特征及集聚联动模式。研究结果表明:①京郊生态旅游流网络呈现出明显的层级结构特征,核心节点(78个)表现出“近郊密远郊疏、西部密东部疏”的空间分异特征,与边缘节点(95个)之间形成近邻集聚、微弱扩散的“二八依存”联动模式;②关键节点(34个)分别在点度、接近、中介中心度方面具有显著优势,相互之间生态旅游流联系紧密且双向互动频繁,形成了“环—带、点—轴、横向一体化、纵向一体化”的集聚联动模式和辐射京郊的循环动力系统;③各凝聚子群(4个)总体上遵循地理邻近原则,形成了“多核集聚、纵向扩散”“单核集聚、圈层扩散”“双核集聚、横向扩散”“链式集聚、组团扩散”的“农田+林地+草原+水域”联动模式。在此基础上,提出探索核心乡镇与近邻边缘乡镇之间优势互补一体化发展路径,增强关键节点之间的合作共赢及辐射带动其他节点的溢出效应,引导相似资源禀赋寻求差异化、不同资源禀赋充分联动的网络化优良供给格局的建议。

The flow of ecotourists from urban to suburban areas reflects urban residents'geographical preferences,demands,and selection behaviors regarding ecotourism in suburban settings to a certain extent.Scientifically understanding the network structural characteristics of this flow is crucial for optimizing the allocation of ecotourism resources,developing heterogeneous linkages,and facilitating networked development pattern in the suburban areas.This research took Beijing as a case study area and used mobile phone data to track the ecotourism footprints of residents from the urban center to suburban areas.Drawing on the social network theory,we established an evaluation indicator system for the ecotourist flow network in the Beijing suburbs and integrated it with spatial analysis to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of core-periphery,key nodes,and cohesive subgroups,as well as their aggregation-linkage patterns.The research findings indicated that:1)The ecotourist flow network in the suburbs of Beijing exhibited a distinct hierarchical structure.Core nodes(78)demonstrated a spatial differentiation pattern characterized by"denser flows in the inner-suburbs and sparser flows in the outer-suburbs,and denser flows in the west and sparser flows in the east",forming a"twoeight dependence"linkage mode characterized by localized agglomeration and weak diffusion towards the edge nodes(95).2)The key nodes(34)had significant advantages in degree,closeness,and betweenness centrality,with strong ecotourist flow connections among them and frequent bidirectional interactions,and forming aggregation-linkage patterns such as"loop-belt","point-axis","horizontal integration",and"vertical integration".Collectively,these patterns constituted a dynamic cyclic system radiating throughout the suburban areas of Beijing.3)The cohesive subgroups(4),guided by the principle of geographic proximity,exhibited linkage patterns of"multi-core agglomeration and vertical diffusion","single-core agglomeration and layered diffusion","dual-core agglomeration and horizontal diffusion",and"chain-like agglomeration and clustered diffusion".These patterns incorporated various natural elements such as cropland,forest,grassland,and water.Based on these findings,we put forward recommendations to explore the integrated development path that leverage the complementary advantages of core and neighboring peripheral towns and townships,enhance cooperation between key nodes,stimulate spillover effects to other nodes,and promote the formation of a networked supply pattern that seeks differentiation of nodes with similar resource endowments and full linkage between those with different resource endowments.