移动性视角下的旅游研究与民族志的知识生产

The ethnographic knowledge production in tourism research:A perspective of mobility

移动性是旅游活动的典型特征。在新移动性范式下,移动成为旅游的核心,对旅游现象的探究也需要借助移动性的研究方法。作为一种移动性的新方法,民族志在文化知识生产上所发挥的作用使其愈加成为当下旅游研究中的重要方法选择。然而,已有研究大多仅使用了民族志的方法,缺乏在理论和方法层面对民族志的应用和知识生产的具体过程、使用原则等做出详细阐释。基于此,论文聚焦于移动性视角,首先从理论层面对移动性和民族志进行回顾,重点探究民族志与移动性视角下旅游研究的关系和意义。其次,继续对民族志应用于旅游研究中关注的核心议题、类别选择及使用原则展开论述。最后,研究表明:①与定量研究方法、传统定性研究方法以及与传统民族志这三个方面来对比,民族志为移动性视角下的旅游研究提供了新方法和新选择;②民族志的局限与不足之处也使其受到一定质疑,且争论的重点聚焦于两个方面,一是研究者能否保持价值中立的客观性问题,二是研究所涉及的隐私与伦理问题;③作为移动性视角下旅游研究的新方法,纵使民族志存在争议,但就方法本身而言,民族志还具有极大的发展潜力和推广空间,未来应进一步扩展民族志的关注内容和应用方向,克服民族志的方法局限,将民族志应用于更广阔的旅游研究之中。

Mobility is a typical feature of tourism activities.Under the new mobility paradigm,mobility has become the core of tourism,and therefore the study of tourism phenomena requires the use of mobility research methods.Unlike traditional static qualitative research methods,the role of ethnography as a new method of mobility study in the production of acculturating knowledge makes it an increasingly important methodological choice for conducting tourism research from the perspective of mobility.However,most of the existing studies have only used ethnography,lacking a detailed explanation of the specific processes,what to pay attention to,and the intrinsic links between ethnographic application and knowledge production at the theoretical and methodological levels.Based on this,our study focused on the perspective of mobility,beginning with a review of mobility and ethnography at the theoretical level.It then explored the relationship and implications between tourism research and ethnography.Second,this study examined the development of core issues,methodological choices,and attention in the application of ethnography to tourism research.The study showed that:1)Ethnography offers new methods and possibilities for tourism research from a mobility perspective compared with quantitative methods,traditional qualitative methods,and traditional ethnography.2)The limitations and shortcomings of ethnography have also led to some controversy,and the debate has concentrated on two aspects:the researchers'ability to maintain value-neutral objectivity,and the privacy or ethical implications of the research.3)As a new method for tourism research under the perspective of mobility,although ethnography is controversial,in terms of the method itself,ethnography still has great potential for further development and promotion.In the future,we should continue to expand the content of ethnography's themes and the direction of its application,overcome ethnography's methodological limitations,and apply ethnography to a wider range of tourism research.