中国社会学的知识锻造——一种知识社会学的本土解读

Knowledge Forging in Chinese Sociology——An Indigenous Interpretation of Knowledge Sociology

从思想或知识与(社会)存在的关系入手,马克思、舍勒和曼海姆等人缔造的知识社会学确立并有效扩展了自己的全部叙事框架。在此基础上,20世纪后半叶发展起来的新知识社会学,强调了知识与诸种地方情境和人群共同体、知识与权力及知识与纸质文本以外的媒介形式的关联。将知识社会学用于考察分为前后两个时段的中国社会学120年来的历史,能够清晰地呈现一门外来的知识体系是如何嵌入传统中国的现代变迁,以其激进和保守的矛盾性格的两面,分别呈现由这一迅疾变迁所带来的社会转型并成为有关转型社会复杂性的最佳叙事的。同样,中国社会学前后两个时期最重要的知识生产者和组织者费孝通,以“牧师”和“先知”的两重身份,也出色地演绎了作为社会学矛盾性格的两重特性。

Starting from the relationship between thought or knowledge and(social)existence,the sociology of knowledge created by Marx,Scheler and Mannheim has established and effectively expanded its entire narrative framework.On this basis,the new sociology of knowledge,which developed in the second half of the 20th century,emphasized the relationship between knowledge and various local situations and human communities,knowledge and power,and knowledge and media forms other than paper text.Applying the sociology of knowledge to the 120-year history of Chinese sociology,which is divided into two periods,can clearly show how an external knowledge system is embedded in the modern changes of traditional China,presenting the social transformation brought about by this rapid change with its radical and conservative contradictory characters,and becoming the best narrative about the complexity of the transforming society.Similarly,Fei Xiaotong,the most important knowledge producer and organizer of Chinese sociology before and after the two periods,with the dual identity of“priests”and“prophet”,also excellently interprets the dual characteristics as the contradictory character of sociology.