关系—行为视角下的现代共同体构建

Building Modern Communities from the Perspective of Relationship-Action

共同体作为一个古老的名词,在当下重新焕发生机,并成为我国的重要政策话语。共同体经典理论内含着方法论,即关系—行为方法。传统的共同体以土地为基础,人们的行为由人对群体的依存和人对人的依附关系所决定。人们的行为、生活、价值和命运都以整体作为归属。这种共同体是自然地、历史地形成的。现代社会以个人的独立性为前提条件,人们基于独立利益决定与他人的交往,并形成相应的关系。市场经济逻辑造成个人与社会的分离,甚至对立。人们基于相互依存关系,通过自己的行为构建紧密关系,形成现代共同体。这种共同体不是由先在的关系决定的,更强调人们自觉的社会行动,包括共同目标、共同价值、共同责任和共同行动。它不是自然形成的,而是人为建成的。如果说传统共同体更多的是实体性的,是人不得不依赖其中的;那么,现代共同体更多的是功能性的,是人们基于特定目的共同结合而成的。

As an ancient concept,the term“community”has recently rejuvenated and become a significant policy discourse in our country.Classical theories of community contain a methodological framework,known as the relationship-action method.Traditional communities were based on land,with people’s behaviors determined by their dependency on the group and interpersonal relationships.Individuals'actions,lives,values,and destinies were aligned with the whole community.Such communities were natural and historically formed.In modern society,individual independence is a prerequisite,with people deciding their interactions based on independent interests and forming corresponding relationships.The logic of the market economy has led to the separation,and even opposition,between individuals and society.People build close relationships through mutual dependencies and their actions,forming modern communities.Unlike traditional communities,which are determined by preexisting relationships,modern communities emphasize conscious social actions,including shared goals,values,responsibilities,and actions.They are not naturally formed but are constructed intentionally.While traditional communities are more concrete and a necessity for individuals,modern communities are more functional and formed through purposeful collaboration.