MicroRNA作为早期胃癌筛查潜在生物标志物的研究进展

Research progress of microRNA as a potential biomarker for early gastric cancer screening

胃癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。早期诊断是胃癌患者预后良好的关键要点。寻找胃癌筛查生物标志物有助于胃癌的早期识别并改善临床管理。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类功能强大的基因调节因子,其在癌前病变及胃癌黏膜中的差异表达特征可用于提示不同的肿瘤发展阶段。此外,miRNA在血液、胃液、尿液等体液中的高稳定性及高敏感性也使其成为非侵入性检测的目标对象,其可作为胃癌内窥镜检查前的风险评估工具,是潜在的筛查标志物。本文通过简述miRNA在组织及不同体液中的筛查效能、作为筛查标志物的临床转化现状及当前的检测技术,讨论了miRNA作为早期胃癌筛查标志物的临床应用价值,为胃癌的早期筛查与诊断提供思路。

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world.Early diagnosis is the key point for patients with gastric cancer to get good prognosis.The research for screening biomarkers of gastric cancer can contribute to the early recognition of gastric cancer and improve the clinical management.MicroRNA(miRNA)is a powerful class of gene regulator,and its differential expression profiles in gastric mucosa of precancerous lesion and tumor suggest different stage of tumor development patterns.In addition,the high stability and sensitivity of miRNAs in body fluids,such as blood,gastric fluid,and urine,make it a target for non-invasive detection.It can be used as a risk assessment tool for gastric cancer endoscopy and a potential screening biomarker.This essay discusses the clinical application value of miRNA as a screening biomarker for early gastric cancer by briefly describing its screening efficacy in tissues and different body fluids,the current clinical translation status as a screening biomarker,and current detection technologies,providing ideas for early screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer.