基于多场耦合建模的航天器控制与仿真技术研究

Spacecraft Control and Simulation Technology Based on Multi Physical Field Coupling Modeling

为进一步提高空间多场耦合影响下复杂结构航天器的控制性能,研究热辐射环境下航天器精细化建模、控制与仿真技术.基于绝对节点坐标法,构建温度场和位移场相统一的薄板有限元单元,以避免不同物理场下网格不匹配引入的映射误差问题,在此基础上,考虑材料泊松比随温度的变化规律,建立位移与温度双向耦合的航天器刚-柔-热动力学模型,并针对性设计多频段扰动主动抑制的高阶控制算法,利用宽频测量与宏微结合的分布式作动控制方案,在数学仿真中实现转动惯量为104 kg·m^(2)量级的挠性航天器在姿态机动(8°/25 s)工况下控制稳定度优于5×10^(-6)(°)/s的指标.同时,基于三轴气浮运动模拟器、柔性载荷模拟器及热辐射环境模拟器构建了刚-柔-热耦合的姿态控制全物理试验平台,对系统模型仿真结果进行了标校,验证了基于有限元建模与控制一体化仿真的工程可行性.

In this paper,the modeling,control and simulation technology is studied to improve the control performance of spacecraft with complex structures in multi physical field.Based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF),the thin plate element unifying the temperature and displacement field is given,which can avoid mismatch problem in the process of mapping two physical fields.On this basis,considering the variation law of material Poisson's ratio with temperature,a rigid-flexible-thermal dynamic model of spacecraft with the bidirectional coupling effects between the displacement field and temperature field is established.A high-order control algorithm for active suppression of multi-band disturbance is designed,achieving the index of control stability of flexible spacecraft with a moment of inertia of better than 5e-6°/s under 8°/25s attitude maneuvering condition in mathematical simulation.Based on the three-axis air flotation motion simulator,the flexible load simulator and the thermal radiation environment simulator,a full-physics attitude control test platform with rigid-flexible-thermal coupling is constructed to calibrate the dynamic model in time domain,which verifies the engineering feasibility of the integrated simulation of finite element modeling and control.