江西红壤旱地不同播期对玉米生长发育及产量的影响

Influence of sowing dates on yield and growth of maize in red soil drought-prone areas of Jiangxi Province

【目的】旨在明确江西红壤旱地玉米栽培的适宜播种时期。【方法】以郑单958和先玉335为试验材料,于2021—2022年5—7月设置播期处理,研究了不同播期玉米产量及构成因素变化,以期为江西玉米高产栽培提供理论参考。【结果】播期调整显著影响玉米的生育进程、花前花后物质积累和最终产量。玉米产量以5月初播种为最高(5529.99 kg/hm^(2)),并随播期推迟整体呈下降趋势。穗粒数是随播期变化影响产量的主要因素。此外,粒重也受到播期调整的影响,且与最大灌浆速率时的粒重呈显著正相关。品种比较而言,郑单958产量整体高于先玉335。【结论】在不影响冬季作物(如油菜)的前提下,江西红壤旱地普通玉米应在品种选择的基础上,适时早播,时间不宜晚于5月上/中旬。

[Objective]This study aims to determine the suitable sowing date for the cultivation of ordinary maize in red soil dryland of Jiangxi Province.[Method]The experimental materials used in this study were Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 maize varieties.The sowing date treatments were set between May and July in 2021 and 2022.The study investigated the changes of maize yield and its contributing factors under different sowing date.The aim of this study was to provide theoretical reference for high-yield maize cultivation in Jiangxi Province.[Result]The adjustment of the sowing date significantly impacted the growth process,pre-and postsilking material accumulation,and the final yield of maize.Planting maize in early May yielded the highest(5529.99 kg/hm^(2)),with a downward trend observed with delayed sowing dates.Ear grain number emerged as the primary factor influencing production with changes in sowing dates.Furthermore,grain weight was notably affected by adjustments in the sowing date and exhibited a significant positive correlation with grain weight during the maximum grain filling rate.In terms of hybrid comparison,Zhengdan 958 showed a higher overall yield than that of Xianyu 335.[Conclusion]In order to achieve a higher yield in common maize cultivation in the red soil dryland of Jiangxi,it is recommended to select suitable varieties and sow them before early/mid-May,while ensuring that it does not interfere with the cultivation of winter crops such as rapeseed.