不同施肥配方对废弃矿区油用牡丹果实质量和土壤理化性状的影响

Effects of different fertilization formulas on fruit qualityand soil physical and chemical properties ofoil peony in abandoned mining areas

【目的】目前,我国油用牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)种植面积逐步增大,但施肥不合理显著制约油用牡丹果实产量、品质的提高,且乱施肥会造成地力下降。探究不同施肥配比对油用牡丹果实质量、土壤性状的影响,为在废弃矿山地区合理种植油用牡丹提供理论依据。【方法】采用“3414”配方施肥法,将10年生油用牡丹按14个不同氮、磷、钾施肥配比进行施肥,分析14种不同处理下油用牡丹的果实质量、土壤理化性状之间存在的差异。【结果】不同施肥处理对果实质量、土壤性状的影响存在明显差异,适宜的氮、磷、钾施肥配比能显著改善土壤理化性状,提高油用牡丹籽实的产量、品质。在N_(3)P_(2)K_(2)处理下大部分指标皆为最优,尤其是在油用牡丹籽实品质中,除种形指数外,其他指标皆为该处理最优,单株果荚数、果荚直径、种子百粒质量,较CK(N0P0K0)分别提高了106%、31%、45%;土壤全氮、碱解氮以N_(3)P_(2)K_(2)处理最优,其中全氮较CK提高了62%;土壤物理性状不同处理之间有所差距,但结果差别较小;土壤脲酶、磷酸酶以N_(3)P_(2)K_(2)处理最优,较CK分别提高了33%、20%,且对照组处理结果皆低于其他施肥处理。【结论】不同施肥处理能显著影响油用牡丹果实的品质以及土壤的性状,施肥效果最好的为N_(3)P_(2)K_(2)处理,推荐施肥量为N:42.2 kg/hm^(2)、P2O5:63.1 kg/hm^(2)、K2O:42.1 kg/hm^(2)。

[Objective]The planting area of oil peonies(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)in China is gradually increasing.However,unreasonable fertilization significantly restricts the improvement of fruit yield and quality of oil peonies,and indiscriminate fertilization can decrease soil fertility.This study aims to explore whether a reasonable fertilization ratio can improve the quality of oil peony fruit and soil properties,thus providing a theoretical basis for the rational planting of oil peony in abandoned mining areas.[Method]The“3414”formula fertilization method was used to fertilize 10-year-old oil peonies according to 14 different nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilization ratios.The differences in fruit quality and soil physicochemical properties of oil peonies under 14 different treatments were analyzed.[Result]There are significant differences in the effects of different fertilization treatments on fruit quality and soil properties.Suitable nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilization ratios can significantly improve soil physical and chemical properties,and increase the yield and quality of oil peony seeds.Under the N_(3)P_(2)K_(2) treatment,most of the indicators,except for the seed shape index,are optimal,especially the quality of oil peony seeds.The number of pods per plant,pod diameter,and seed weight per 100 seeds increase by 106%,31%,and 45%,respectively,compared with those of CK(N0P0K0).The optimal treatment for soil total nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen was N_(3)P_(2)K_(2),with total nitrogen increased by 62%compared with that of CK.Although there are differences in soil physical properties among different treatments,the difference is relatively small;N_(3)P_(2)K_(2) is also the optimal treatment for soil urease and phosphatase,which increase by 33%and 20%respectively compared with that of CK,and the results of the control group treatment are lower than those of other fertilization treatments.[Conclusion]Different fertilization treatments can significantly affect the quality of oil peony fruits and soil properties.The best fertilization result is the N_(3)P_(2)K_(2) treatment,with recommended fertilization amounts of N:176.8 kg/hm^(2)、P2O5:63.1 kg/hm^(2)、K2O:96.3 kg/hm^(2).