艾米莉·狄金森传记的虚构书写——以浪漫韵事为例

Fictional Writing in Biographies of Emily Dickinson——Take the Romance as an Example

艾米莉·狄金森的浪漫韵事向来扑朔迷离,除了其晚年恋情证据确凿,其余均无确证,因此近百年来一直引人遐思、猜测甚或杜撰,连学术性传记也概莫能外。1930年至2019年间出版的40余部狄金森传记中有27部属于学术性传记,其中12部或受信息源误导或由传者主观杜撰,虚构了5位男性爱恋对象,违背传记据史而写、依实而传的写作原则,出现了虚构书写现象。传者凭蛛丝马迹推断猜测或任意杜撰的浪漫韵事,或扭曲或丰富了狄金森的人生,因爱情固有的魅力,这些浪漫韵事增强了狄金森的神秘感和吸引力,促进了狄金森形象的普及。

Emily Dickinson’s romantic affairs have always been enigmatic.The legends of the affairs have not ye been confirmed,except for one of her later-year love affair which is supported by conclusive evidences.Therefore,there have been many speculations or fabrications for nearly a hundred year,there are no exception even in academic biographies.Among the more than 40 biographies of Emily Dickinson published between 1930 and 2019,27 are academic biographies,12 of which,either misled by information sources or subjectively fabricated by the biographers,violating the writing principle of biography based on facts and truths,ficitionalising thus resulting in the phenomenon of fictional writing.The romantic anecdotes inferred and speculated or arbitrarily fabricated by the authors may distorted or enriched Emily Dickinson’s life.Due to the inherent charm of love stories,these romance enhanced Emily Dickinson’s mystery and appeal,and promoted the popularity of Dickinson’s image.