乡村人居环境综合评价及空间分异研究——以甘肃省永靖县为例

Comprehensive Evaluation of Rural Living Environment and Study of Its Spatial Differentiation(A Case Study of Yongjing,Gansu)

乡村人居环境建设事关广大农民福祉,是建设美丽中国的重要基础.基于甘肃省永靖县2020年122个村的实地调研数据,从基础设施、公共服务、居住条件和环境卫生4个维度构建人居环境质量评价指标体系.基于ArcGIS 10.4软件,运用全排列多边形综合指标法、空间自相关、地理探测器模型等研究方法,对永靖县人居环境质量进行评价和空间关联格局测度,并找出主导因子,分析其人居环境质量空间分异的形成机制.结果表明:永靖县内人居环境质量综合指数为0.175,整体水平较低;乡村人居环境质量莫兰指数为0.266,综合指数和各维度倾向于空间集聚,高值主要分布在区位条件好、自然资源丰富的地区;主导影响因子是到县城车程、通自来水户数占比、全村参加该年医保比例等指标.永靖县乡村人居环境主要受到区位条件、资源禀赋等地理环境的影响.要改善整体人居环境质量,需要加强顶层设计,促进全面发展;加大财政投入,完善基础设施和公共服务;改善农业农村生态环境,推广农业技术应用.

The construction of rural living environment is related to the well-being of farmers,and is an important foundation for building a beautiful China.Based on the field research data of 122 villages in Yongjing County,Gansu Province in 2020,from four dimensions of infrastructure,public services,living conditions and environmental health build living environment quality evaluation index system,measure the Yongjing County living environment quality spatial correlation pattern,to find out the dominant factor,analyze the formation of the living environment quality spatial differentiation mechanism.The results show that:The comprehensive index of human settlement environment quality in Yongjing County is 0.175,and the overall level is relatively low.The Moran index of rural living environment quality is 0.266,and the comprehensive index and all dimensions tend to be spatial agglomeration.The high value is mainly distributed in the areas with good location conditions and rich natural resources.The dominant influencing factors include the distance to the county town by car,the proportion of households with access to tap water,and the percentage of villagers enrolled in the medical insurance for that year.In order to improve the overall quality of living environment,it is necessary to strengthen top-level design,promote comprehensive development,increase financial input,improve infrastructure and public services,improve agricultural and rural ecological environment,and promote the application of agricultural technology.