重庆不同林龄花椒地土壤化学肥力及质量评价

Soil Chemical Fertility and Quality in Different Tree Ages of Zanthoxylum Fields in Chongqing

花椒作为一种经济作物,与人们的生活息息相关.为明晰花椒种植年限对土壤肥力情况的影响,以重庆市江津区不同林龄花椒土壤(灰棕紫泥土)作为研究对象,采集了先锋镇、石门镇、蔡家镇和油溪镇的116组土样,并分析测定其pH值及有机质在内的15项土壤肥力指标.基于此,通过主成分分析和构建最小数据集的方法对土壤化学肥力和质量进行综合评价.研究结果表明:影响花椒地土壤肥力的主要肥力因子为有效磷,其次为全磷和全氮;随着花椒种植年限的增长,土壤的肥力情况和土壤质量指数均略有增进,从大到小依次为:林龄15~20 a、林龄10~15 a、林龄0~5 a、林龄5~10 a,但差异间无统计学意义.与全国第二次土壤普查时期该地区同一母质发育的灰棕紫泥土壤肥力指标平均值对比发现,多年花椒种植使得土壤质量指数升高.各林龄花椒地的综合肥力情况为全磷、全钾、有效磷等养分指标情况良好,有效金属微量元素含量丰富,有机质含量较少,有机质可通过花椒枝条还田和施用商品有机肥等方式做适当补充.

As a kind of economic crop,Zanthoxylum is closely related to people's life.In order to grasp the influence of Zanthoxylum planting years on soil fertility,the soil(gray brown purple soil) of Zanthoxylum fields with different Planting years in Jiangjin district,Chongqing was taken as the research object.116 groups of soil samples were collected from Xianfeng Town,Shimen Town,Caijia Town and Youxi Town.Fifteen soil fertility indexes including pH and organic matter were analyzed and determined,and then the soil chemical fertility and quality was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis and minimum data set method.The results showed that the main fertility factor affecting the soil chemical fertility of Zanthoxylum was available phosphorus,followed by total phosphorus and total nitrogen.With the increase of Zanthoxylum planting years,soil fertility and soil quality index showed an increasing trend in the order of 15-20 planting years,10-15 planting years,0-5 planting years,5-10 planting years,although the differences were not significant.Compared with the average value of the same parent material soil in the region derived from the second national soil census,the soil quality index was increased by Zanthoxylum planting years.The comprehensive soil fertility in Zanthoxylum planting areas with different ages could be summarized as:nutrient indexes,such as total phosphorus,total potassium and available phosphorus,was in good level;the content of effective metal trace elements was rich,while soil organic matter content was lower,which could be properly supplemented by returning Zanthoxylum branches to the field and applying commercial organic fertilizer.