基于空间规划的儿童友好社区场景营造——以重庆儿童友好社区为例

Creating Child Friendly Community Scenes Based on Spatial Planning-Taking the Child Friendly Communities in Chongqing as an Example

重庆市在创建儿童友好城市和社区的起步阶段,面临儿童友好理念公众认知不足、儿童福祉资源现状不清、创建路径不明等问题.研究团队以规划指引编制、试点实践先行的策略,首先分析城市尺度下的儿童福祉空间资源配置,再深度调研代表性城区的社区儿童友好度,基于88个街镇社区的“服务、活动、出行”三大类空间要素,从“适配、安全、可达、舒适、趣味、参与、支持”7个方面进行“基础、完善、提升”3个等级的分类评估,分析其优势与不足.基于此,选取代表性社区为实践对象,进行儿童发展层面、空间物理层面、社区人文层面的规划,展开利于平等、成长、治理的场景营造.期间发挥社区规划师的作用,采用公众参与的方法,链接多方职能部门和社会组织,引导儿童及亲子家庭共同参与.通过调研、讨论、规划、设计、建造、运维的全过程,完善儿童友好空间设施配置,激活社区的儿童友好度.通过3年儿童友好社区的持续实践,探索“机制创新、空间提质、场景增效”的可持续发展路径,致力于营造共同参与的平等场景、游戏交往的成长场景和持续运维的治理场景.提出开展专业培训、编制创建指南、加强评估监测、建立数字化共治平台等建议,形成从空间到营造的参与闭环体系,促进共建共享、互助共生.

In the initial stage of creating child friendly cities and communities,Chongqing faces problems such as insufficient child friendly concepts,unclear resource status,and unclear creation paths.The research team developed a behavioral strategy based on planning guidance and pilot practice.Firstly,the resource allocation of urban children's welfare spaces was analyzed,and then the community child friendliness in representative urban areas was investigated.The research team conducted a three-level classification evaluation of “basic aspects,improvement aspects,and enhancement aspects” based on the three major spatial elements of “service,activity,and travel” in 88 communities,from seven aspects of “adaptability,safety,accessibility,comfort,fun,participation,and support”,and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages.On this basis,the research team selected representative communities as practical objects to carry out planning at the levels of child development,spatial physics,and community humanities,and to create scenarios conducive to equality,growth,and governance.During the practice period,the role of community planners was brought into play,and the method of public participation was adopted to link multiple functional departments and social organizations,guiding children and families to participate together.Through the entire process of research,discussion,planning,design,construction and operation,the configuration of child friendly space facilities and activated the child friendliness of the community have been improved.Through three years of continuous practice,we have established a model for creating child friendly communities in Chongqing,explored a sustainable development path of “mechanism innovation,spatial quality improvement,and scene efficiency enhancement”,and committed to creating equal participation scenes,growth scenes of game interaction,and governance scenes of continuous operation and maintenance.Finally,suggestions were proposed,including conducting professional training,developing guidelines for creation,strengthening evaluation and monitoring,and establishing a digital governance platform.A closed-loop system of participation has been formed from space to creation,promoting co-construction,sharing,mutual assistance and symbiosis.