基于船间效应的水文船舶作业避让探讨

Discussion on Collision Avoidance of Hydrological Ship Operation Based on Ship-ship Interaction

船间效应是诱发船舶碰撞事故的主要因素之一,驾驶者在实际作业中常忽视其影响。水文船舶作为小型船舶,在狭窄水域作业时受船间效应的影响较大,且测验规范对涉水作业精度的要求,降低了水文船舶的避让能力,其发生安全事故的风险明显高于其它船舶。为保障水文船舶航行安全,驾驶者应知晓避让责任和掌握操纵技能。根据《中华人民共和国内河避碰规则》的要求,结合水文船舶的作业特性,总结水文船舶在会船、近岸、横越等情况下的避让操纵,以期为水文船舶驾驶者操纵船舶提供有益的借鉴。

The ship-ship interaction is one of the main factors that induce ship collision accidents and operators often overlook its impact during practical operations.As small vessels,hydrological ships are greatly affected by ship-ship interaction when operating in narrow waters.In addition,the accuracy requirement of survey specification reduces the collision avoidance ability of hydrological ships,resulting in the higher risk of safety accidents compared to other vessels.To ensure the navigation safety,hydrological ship operators should be aware of their avoidance responsibilities and master necessary maneuvering skills.According to the requirements of Rules for Avoiding Collisions in China’s Internal Rivers and in combination with the operational characteristics of hydrological ships,this paper summarizes the collision avoidance maneuvers of hydrological ships in situations such as ship passing,nearshore maneuvering and crossing,with the aim of providing valuable insights for hydrological ship operators in avoidance maneuvering.