轻罪的类型与适用

Types and Application of Misdemeanors

轻罪概念具有多重面向,在不同语境下应使用不同内涵的轻罪定义。从立法沿革、立法宗旨及法条现状的角度,可以将我国的轻罪分为两种类型四种情况,即轻罪分为传统的轻罪与新增的轻罪两类,在新增的轻罪中,又包括扩大犯罪圈意义上的轻罪、降低刑罚强度意义上的轻罪、传统重罪下调为不纯正的轻罪三种情形。轻罪立法体现的是宽严相济刑事政策中“从严”的一面,轻罪司法中宽严尺度的选择需要结合个案中行为人的具体情况加以判断,不能笼统地说对轻罪都以宽为主,从宽处理。在司法适用时,要对轻罪的出入罪应做实质审查;结合刑事政策确定解释尺度;善于运用前置轻罪;避免将一般违法行为作为轻罪处理。

There are multiple aspects in the concept of misdemeanors,and different definitions of misdemeanors should be adopted in different contexts.From the analysis of legislative evolution,legislative purpose and the current situation of provisions,we can divide misdemeanors in our country into two types and four situations,that is,misdemeanors are divided into traditional misdemeanors and new misdemeanors.Among new misdemeanors,there are three situations:misdemeanors in the sense of expanding crime circle,misdemeanors in the sense of reducing penalty intensity,and traditional felonies downgraded to non-typical misdemeanors.The legislation of misdemeanors reflects the"strict"side of the criminal policy of combining punishment with leniency.The choice of leniency scale in the justice of misdemeanors should be judged according to the specific situation of the actor in the case,and it cannot be concluded that misdemeanors or petty offenses should be mainly lenient and dealt with leniency.In the judicial application,misdemeanors should be checked substantively,the interpretation scale should be determined in combination with criminal policy,and we should be proficient in applying prepositive misdemeanors,so as to avoid regarding minor violations as misdemeanors.