扩张与限缩夹缝中的微罪司法处置问题研究

Research on the Judicial Disposition of Petty Offenses in the Gap between Expansion andContraction

微罪从属于轻罪而非与轻罪并列的独立概念,未来也不应将由《治安管理处罚法》等行政法律加以处罚的行为设置为微罪。微罪的认定应采用形式标准,将法定最高刑1年有期徒刑以下的犯罪视为微罪。微罪在立法上呈扩张趋势,但司法效果与立法期待之间存在较大落差。司法机关对于微罪的处置经历了从严格执法到相对限缩的实践转向,对此只能从行为规范与裁判规范分立的角度予以正当化。在司法处置环节应当规避微罪扩张适用的风险。为此,需要关注三个重点问题,即准确界定其法益内涵,并进行法益衡量;微罪的罪过形式只能是故意;正确适用刑法定罪免罚的规定。

Petty offenses are a separate concept that is subordinate to misdemeanors rather than parallel with misdemeanors.The behaviors punished by administrative laws,such as the Public Security Administration and Punishments Law,should not be treated as petty offenses in the future.We should adopt formal standards in the identification of petty offenses,and the crimes that the maximum punishment prescribed is fixed-term imprisonment of less than one year should be regarded as petty offenses.Petty offenses are expanding in legislation,but there is a big gap between judicial effect and legislative expectation.The handling of petty offenses by judicial organs has experienced a practical shift from strict law enforcement to relative limitation,which can only be justified from the perspective of separating behavior norms and adjudication norms.The judicial handling of petty offenses should avoid the risk of expanding application.To this end,we ought to pay attention to three key issues:accurately define the connotation of legal interest and carry out legal interest measurements;The fault of petty offenses can only be intent;The correct application of the provisions of criminal law on impunity for conviction.