热带果蔬农药残留处理方法及降解技术研究进展

Research progress on treatment methods and degradation techniques of pesticide residues in tropical fruits and vegetables

农药在提高农业生产力中发挥着关键作用,然而过量施用会导致食品中存在农药残留,对人类健康构成极大威胁。果蔬中的农药残留已成为消费者重点关注的食品安全问题,发展农药降解技术是保障热带果蔬质量安全和人体健康的有效策略。本文首先介绍果蔬中农药残留的常见处理方法,然后从物理、化学、生物和新兴冷等离子降解4个方面详述农药降解技术,分析农药降解的机制和途径,探讨各类降解技术在果蔬农药降解应用中的优点与局限性,最后提出发展果蔬农药降解技术的挑战与前景方向。通过全面分析农药降解技术,可以为降低热带果蔬中的农药残留提供理论指导和多样化方案,促进降解技术的实际应用,为解决热带果蔬农药污染问题提供对策。

Pesticides play a key role in improving agricultural productivity,but their excessive use can lead to pesticide residues in food and pose a great threat to human health.Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables have become a food safety issue of concern to consumers.Developing pesticide degradation technology is an effective strategy to ensure the quality safety of tropical fruits and vegetables and human health.This article first introduced the common methods for treating pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables.Then,pesticide degradation technologies were explained under four aspects of physical,chemical,biological and emerging cold plasma degradation,the mechanism and route of pesticide degradation were analyzed,and the advantages and limitations of various degradation technologies in the application of pesticide degradation in fruits and vegetables were discussed.Finally,the challenges and prospects of developing pesticide degradation technology for fruits and vegetables were provided.The comprehensive analysis of pesticide degradation technologies can provide theoretical guidance and diversification programs for reducing pesticide residues in tropical fruits and vegetables,promote the practical application of degradation technologies,and provide countermeasures for solving pesticide pollution in tropical fruits and vegetables.