芜湖市农村生活污水处理现状及适用技术分析

Analysis of the Current Situation and Applicable Technologies of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment in Wuhu City

为保护长江生态环境和推动长江经济带高质量发展,分析了沿江重要城市芜湖市农村生活污水污染物处理现状及存在的问题,总结目前我国农村生活污水生态处理(人工湿地、土壤渗滤、稳定塘、化粪池)和生物处理(生物膜处理、A^(2)O工艺)等主要技术的优缺点及其在芜湖市的适用性。结果表明,芜湖市各县(区)农村生活污水污染物排放量差异较大,污染物排放量为无为市>南陵县>弋江区>鸠江区>湾沚区>繁昌区>镜湖区,污染物以化学需氧量和总氮为主。由生物处理技术和生态处理技术组合的工艺比单一的处理技术有较大的优势,但农村生活污水处理工艺技术的选择和使用尚存在资金缺口和监管运维不完善等问题。以此提出创新投资运营和管护模式,加强政府企业村民联动,统筹生活污水处理工程的建设、经营与移交,因地制宜选择污水处理技术方案的建议,为芜湖市农村生活污水治理提供参考。

In order to protect the ecological environment of the Yangtze River and promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,this paper analyzed the current situation and existing problems of the treatment of rural sewage pollutants in Wuhu City,an important city along the Yangtze River.And it summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the main technologies of ecological treatment of rural domestic sewage(artificial wetland,soil filtration,stabilization pond,septic tank)and biological treatment(biofilm treatment,A^(2)O process)and their applicability in Wuhu City.The results showed that the pollutant discharge of rural domestic sewage was significantly different among counties and districts in Wuhu City.The pollutant discharge was in the order of Wuwei City>Nanling County>Yijiang District>Jiujiang District>Wanzhi District>Fanchang District>Jinghu District.The main pollutants were chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen.The combination of biological treatment technology and ecological treatment technology had greater advantages than the single treatment technology,however,there were still some problems in the selection and use of rural domestic sewage treatment technology,such as funding gap and imperfect supervision operation and maintenance.In this way,suggestions were put forward to innovate the investment operation and management mode,strengthen the linkage between government enterprises and villagers,coordinate the construction,operation and transfer of domestic sewage treatment projects,and select sewage treatment technical solutions according to local conditions.This study provides a reference for the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Wuhu City.