不同揭膜方式对植烟土壤养分分布规律和烟叶质量的影响

Effects of Different Film Uncovering Methods on the Distribution of Nutrients in Tobacco Planting Soil and the Quality of Tobacco Leaves

[目的]为优质烟生产的合理追肥提供依据。[方法]采集各处理不同深度土壤样品,分析速效氮、磷、钾养分含量,研究农艺措施对不同土层养分的影响。[结果]烟株生育过程中,烟株主要根区0~30 cm土层不同处理速效氮、0~20 cm土层速效磷在烟株生育期内总体呈先升后降的“凸”型变化;0~10 cm土层氮素峰值出现在移栽后30 d,磷素峰值出现在移栽后60 d;10~30 cm土层氮素峰值出现在移栽时,采烤结束时,常规揭膜培土处理0~10 cm土层速效氮低于本底值,其余处理0~10 cm土层速效氮高于本底值,10~20 cm土层速效磷峰值出现在移栽后30 d,20~30 cm土层速效磷呈非线性增加的“S”型变化。除对照处理外,其余处理0~10 cm速效钾呈“S”型非线性增加趋势,10~20 cm土层速效钾含量均呈“凸”型变化,峰值出现在移栽时,除C处理外,其余处理20~30 cm速效钾呈“S”型非线性增加趋势,E处理积累钾素最多。[结论]烟株周围破膜(直径20 cm)正常培土处理0~30 cm土层养分移动与烟株生长需肥规律吻合,有利于平衡烟叶化学成分,提高烤烟产质量和经济效益。

[Objective]To provide a basis for rational topdressing in high-quality tobacco production.[Method]Soil samples were collected at different soil depths of each treatment to analyze the nutrient content of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and to study the effects of agronomic measurements on nutrient changes in different soil depths.[Result]In the growth season of tobacco,the available nitrogen content of 0-30 cm soil depth and available phosphorus content of 0-20 cm soil depth showed a increase and then decrease pattern,the content of available nitrogen in 0-10 cm soil depth reached maximum in the 30 days after transplanting,and the available phosphorus content reached maximum in the 60 days after transplanting.However,the available nitrogen content of 10-30 cm reached maximum during the transplanting stage.At the end of roasting,the available nitrogen content in the 0-10 cm soil depth was lower than the background value in the conventional film stripping and soil cultivation treatment,while the available nitrogen content in the 0-10 cm soil depth was higher than the background value in the other treatments.The maximum of available phosphorus in the 10-20 cm soil depth appeared in the 30 days after transplanting,and the available phosphorus in the 20-30 cm soil depth showed a non-linear increase in an“S”curve.Compared to the control treatment,the other treatments showed an“S”shaped nonlinear increase trend in available potassium from 0-10 cm,and the changes in available potassium content in the 10-20 cm soil layer showed a“convex”shaped change,and the maximum appeared during the transplanting stage.Except for C treatment,the available potassium content in 20-30 cm soil depth showed an“S”shaped nonlinear increase trend,and the maximum of accumulated potassium was occurred in E treatment.[Conclusion]The nutrient movement in the 0-30 cm soil depth under film breaking treatment around tobacco plants and normal soil cultivation treatment was consistent with the fertilizer requirements for tobacco growth,which is beneficial for balancing the chemical composition of tobacco leaves,improving the yield,quality,and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.