青藏高原地区流域系统的水环境综合治理策略分析

Analysis of water environment comprehensive treatment strategies for the River basin system in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

青藏高原位于亚洲大陆中部,是世界上面积最大、湖泊分布最广的高原,也是世界上最大的高海拔内陆湖区。同时,分布广泛的湖泊也形成了青藏高原大面积的高寒湿地群。该地区脆弱的生态环境极易受到扰动,由于人类活动及污染物排放,使得河流及地下径流受到污染;全球变暖的环境问题使得冻土的退化和消失减弱了冻土区维系水量平衡的能力,改变了地下水径流的形成、区域水循环的过程以及水资源量的分配。本文深入阐述并分析了水环境特征及存在的主要问题,探索基于流域系统的水环境综合治理对策,提出高原地区水环境治理应强调“生态优先、系统治理”,统筹考虑城市发展和生态保护的关系。

The Tibetan Plateau,located in the central part of the Asian continent,is the largest high-altitude inland lake area in the world,characterized by the most extensive area and the widest distribution of lakes.The plateau is also home to a large area of alpine wetlands due to the widespread distribution of lakes.The fragile ecological environment in this region is highly susceptible to disturbances.Human activities and pollutant emissions have led to the contamination of rivers and groundwater runoff.The environmental issue of global warming has caused the degradation and disappearance of permafrost,weakening the ability of permafrost regions to maintain water balance,altering the formation of groundwater runoff,the regional water cycle process,and the distribution of water resources.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the water environment and the main existing problems.It explores integrated water environment management strategies based on the watershed system,proposing that water environment governance in the plateau region should emphasize"ecology first,systematic management."It is essential to consider the relationship between urban development and ecological protection in a holistic manner.