俄罗斯东部地区交通优势度及其空间格局特征

Traffic dominance and spatial pattern characteristics in Eastern Russia

在“一带一路”倡议和“中蒙俄经济走廊”建设背景下,基于交通网络密度、区位优势度、交通设施影响度的评价体系探讨了2005―2019年俄罗斯东部地区的交通优势度及其空间格局,结果表明:①俄罗斯东部地区的交通规模状况不容乐观,部分交通指标出现下降趋势,其交通设施建设、改造和更新迫在眉睫。②俄罗斯东部地区的交通优势度呈下降态势,超过1/2联邦主体的交通优势度低于俄罗斯东部均值。空间上,交通优势度冷区面积扩大、热区面积缩小,呈西西伯利亚区>东西伯利亚区、南远东区>北远东区的“西热东冷、南热北冷”的格局特征。③俄罗斯东部公路网密度增长、铁路网密度未有变化,呈现“西高东低、南高北低”的格局特征。俄罗斯东部区位优势度遵循“距离衰减规律”,西伯利亚区内、远东区内分别呈以新西伯利亚州、哈巴罗夫斯克(伯力)边疆区为中心,向外围降低的“核心–边缘”格局。俄罗斯东部交通设施影响度下降,呈“西高东低”的格局特征。④西伯利亚区的交通优势度、交通网密度、区位优势度、交通设施影响度均高于远东区,高值区位于鄂木斯克州–新西伯利亚州–阿尔泰边疆区–克麦罗沃州等的串联区,低值区位于堪察加边疆区–马加丹州–楚科奇自治区、阿尔泰共和国–图瓦共和国。

Under the background of“the Belt and Road”and“China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor”initiatives,this paper studied the traffic dominance and its spatial pattern characteristics in Eastern Russia during 2005—2019.The evaluation of traffic dominance was conducted with three indicators,in other words,traffic network density,location advantage,traffic facility degree.The spatial differentiation of the traffic dominance,traffic network density,location advantage,and traffic facility degree was performed respectively by using ArcGIS.The results are as following.First,the comprehensive traffic scale and traffic capacity have decreased in Eastern Russia.Some traffic indicators have shown a tendency of attenuation backward in Eastern Russia.The construction,transformation and renewal of traffic facilities are very urgent and imminent in Eastern Russia.Second,the traffic dominance of eastern Russia has decreased,and the traffic dominance of most federal subjects is lower than the average level of all the federal subjects.Spatially,the traffic dominance in Siberian Federal District is higher than that of Far East Federal District,with the order of their traffic dominance as follows:Western Siberian Federal District>Eastern Siberian Federal District,and Southern Far East Federal District>Northern Far East Federal District.Third,the road network density has increased and the railway network has not changed in Eastern Russia.Spatially,the traffic network density of the Eastern Russia shows“High West,Low East”and“High South,Low North”spatial patterns.The location advantage of Siberian Federal District presents a“core-edge”pattern with Novosibirsk Region as the center and decreasing to the periphery.The location advantage of Far East Federal District shows a“core-edge”pattern with Khabarovsk Territory as the center and decreasing to the periphery.The traffic facility degree of Eastern Russia has decreased,showing a“High West,Low East”spatial pattern.Finally,the traffic dominance,traffic network density,location advantage,and traffic facility degree in Siberian Federal District are all higher than those of Far East Federal District.The areas with high levels are concentrated in Omsk Region,Novosibirsk Region,Altay Territory and Kemerovo Region.The areas with low ones are mostly in Kamchatka Territory,Magadan Region,Chukotka Autonomous Area,Republic of Altay and Republic of Tyva.