社区环境感知对居民犯罪恐惧感的影响——以广州市为例

A study on the influence of community environment perception on residents’fear of crime:Take Guangzhou as an example

选取广州市74个典型社区,通过入户调查的方式共计发放1 568份问卷,研究社区环境感知(环境失序感知、集体效能感知和社会控制感知)对犯罪恐惧感的影响。结果表明:除性别、年龄和犯罪受害经历对犯罪恐惧感具有显著性影响之外,社区环境感知对犯罪恐惧感也具有重要影响。其中,社会环境失序感知和物理环境失序感知对犯罪恐惧感具有显著性正向作用;集体效能感知对犯罪恐惧感的影响不具有显著性;社会控制包括正式社会控制和非正式社会控制2个方面,其中正式社会控制对犯罪恐惧感具有显著的抑制性作用,非正式控制对犯罪恐惧感的影响不具有显著性。

The fear of crime is an important factor that reduces residents’subjective well-being and life satisfaction.It is also an important research content in disciplines such as crime geography.According to differences in research perspectives,it can be divided into five aspects:psychological perspective,individual perspective,environmental perspective,daily activities perspective and crime prevention and control perspective,and has formed the victimization model,vulnerability model,disorder model,collective efficacy model and community policing model and other theoretical models.However,in terms of the impact of environment on fear of crime,existing research has mainly focused on the objective environment,and research on the subjective level of community environment perception is relatively weak.To this end,the research selected seventyfour typical communities in Guangzhou.A total of 1568 questionnaires through household surveys were distributed to study the impact of community environment perception on fear of crime,including perception of environmental disorder,perception of collective efficacy and perception of social control.The results show that in addition to gender,age and crime victimization experience having a significant impact on fear of crime,community environment perception also has an important impact on fear of crime.Among them,the perception of disorder in the social environment and the perception of disorder in the physical environment have a significant positive effect on the fear of crime.The impact of collective efficacy perception on the fear of crime is not significant.Social control could be divided into two aspects,formal social control and informal social control.Formal social control has a significant inhibitory effect on fear of crime,while informal control has no significant effect on fear of crime.