基于最小数据集的三江平原黑土地土壤质量评价——以黑龙江宝清县平原区为例

Evaluation of black soil quality in Sanjiang Plain based on minimum data set:Taking the plain area of Baoqing County in Heilongjiang Province as an example

土壤质量评价是实施精细化农业生产和土地科学管理的关键。对不同土地利用方式下的土壤质量进行评估并对其空间分布进行绘制,可以为优化土地利用空间布局,客观准确评价土壤质量和科学管理土地资源提供依据。以黑龙江宝清县平原区黑土地土壤为研究对象,综合选取31项评价指标作为全数据集(TDS),采用主成分分析(PCA)和相关性分析方法,确定不同土地利用类型的土壤质量评价的最小数据集(MDS)。利用地统计学方法,基于普通克里格插值法绘制土壤质量的空间分布图。结果表明,不同土地利用方式下的土壤质量存在明显差异,土壤质量整体表现为,草地>林地>旱地>水田。半变异函数为高斯函数的模型最适合预测土壤质量的空间分布。土壤质量在空间分布上呈现一定的规律性,越靠近北部挠力河流域,质量越好,大部分土壤质量处于中上水平,生产潜力较大。

Soil quality evaluation is the key to the implementation of fine agricultural production and land scientific management.Evaluating the soil quality under different land use patterns and mapping its spatial distribution can provide a basis for optimizing the spatial layout of land use,objectively and accurately evaluating soil quality and scientifically managing land resources.In this study,the black soil in Baoqing Plain was taken as the research object,and 31 evaluation indexes were selected as the total data set(TDS).Principal component analysis(PCA)and correlation analysis were used to determine the minimum data set(MDS)of soil quality evaluation for different land use types.By using geostatistical methods,the spatial distribution map of soil quality was drawn based on the ordinary Kriging interpolation method.The results showed that there were significant differences in soil quality under different land use patterns.The overall performance of soil quality was grassland>forest land>dry land>paddy field.The model with Gaussian semi-variogram function was most suitable for predicting the spatial distribution of soil quality.The spatial distribution of soil quality showed a certain regularity.The closer to the northern Naoli River Basin,the better the soil quality.Most of the soil quality was in the middle and upper level,and the production potential was large.