基于数据库构建的全球国家公园时空格局特征

Temporal and spatial characteristics of global national parks based on database construction

国家公园不同于自然保护区和一般旅游景区,针对国家公园的自然保护地体系长期战略蓝图,承担着推动区域绿色发展和公正未来的重要作用,在快速推动国家公园体系建设的过程中建立自上而下布局和自下而上广泛式参与机制。系统整理建立了全球国家公园数据库,分析全球国家公园发展的时序特征,探索其与生态保护、人口城镇化、公共福利等要素之间的关系。研究发现,截至2024年6月全球国家公园共有3129个,覆盖了全球173个国家和地区,不同大洲国家公园分布影响因素存在一定差异;国家公园发展趋势逐渐向着“生态-人口-城市”协同方向发展,国家公园对于宜居城市服务能力、提升公共福祉的特色愈加突出。同时也通过减少人为干预、弹性生态管理等措施强调生态、资源、人口可持续发展的总体目标。反映出全球国家公园治理和管理策略的基本转向,及面向不确定未来和可持续目标的战略雄心。

Distinguished from nature reserves and typical tourist attractions,national parks play a pivotal role in the longterm strategic framework for natural conservation systems,contributing to regional green development and equitable futures.It is necessary to establish a topdown layout and bottomup extensive participation mechanism during the rapid construction of national park systems.This paper systematically compiles and establishes a global database of national parks,analyzes the temporal characteristics,and explores the relationships with factors such as ecological protection,urbanization,and public welfare.The findings reveal that as of June 2024,there are 3,129 national parks worldwide,spanning 173 countries and regions.It is observed that the factors influencing the distribution of national parks vary across different continents.The developmental trajectory of national parks increasingly aligns with the“ecologypopulationcity”integration.National parks are playing an increasingly significant role in enhancing livable city services and public welfare.Simultaneously,measures such as reducing human intervention and implementing flexible ecological management contribute towards the overarching goals of sustainable development encompassing ecology,resources,and population.These insights reflect a fundamental shift in the governance and management strategies of global national parks,underlining strategic ambitions aimed at an uncertain yet sustainable future.